Hittite:Glossing recommendations: Difference between revisions
From Glossing Ancient Languages
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! Puctuation !! Meaning in scholarly<br/>transliterations of Hittite !! Meaning in scholarly <br/>bound transcription of Hittite !! Meaning in <br/>Glossing transcription line !! Meaning in <br/>Glossing line | ! Puctuation !! Meaning in scholarly<br/>transliterations of Hittite !! Meaning in scholarly <br/>bound transcription of Hittite !! Meaning in <br/>Glossing transcription line !! Meaning in <br/>Glossing line | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''.''' || colspan="2" | {{Orange| Separates Sumerograms}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_period_expert|''Portmanteau'']] morpheme | | align="center" | '''.''' || colspan="2" | {{Orange|Separates cuneiform signs used in Sumerograms}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_period_expert|''Portmanteau'']] morpheme | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | ''' | | align="center" | ''':''' || {{Red|''Glossenkeil''}} || — || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_colon|Morpheme separator]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''=''' || — || Clitic || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules# | | align="center" | '''-''' || colspan="2" | {{Red|Separates cuneiform signs used in Akkadograms and in syllabic spelling}} || colspan="2" |[[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_hyphen|Affix]] | ||
|- | |||
| align="center" | '''=''' || — || Clitic || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_equal_sign|Clitic]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''( )''' || — || {{Orange|Non-overt phonemes, <br/>scholarly reconstruction}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_parentheses|Inherent]] category | | align="center" | '''( )''' || — || {{Orange|Non-overt phonemes, <br/>scholarly reconstruction}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_parentheses|Inherent]] category | ||
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| align="center" | '''⌈ ⌉''' || colspan="2" | Partially destroyed text, <br/>usually with reconstructed content || colspan="2" | — | | align="center" | '''⌈ ⌉''' || colspan="2" | Partially destroyed text, <br/>usually with reconstructed content || colspan="2" | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''{ }''' || colspan="2" | | | align="center" | '''{ }''' || colspan="2" | Erasure || colspan="2" | — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''< >''' || colspan="2" | {{Red|Emendation of a scribal error (addition)}} || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_angle_brackets|Infix]] | | align="center" | '''< >''' || colspan="2" | {{Red|Emendation of a scribal error (addition)}} || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_angle_brackets|Infix]] | ||
|- | |||
| align="center" | '''<< >>''' || colspan="2" | Emendation of a scribal error (deletion) || colspan="2" | — | |||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | '''~''' || colspan="2" | — || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_tilde|Reduplication]] morpheme | | align="center" | '''~''' || colspan="2" | — || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_tilde|Reduplication]] morpheme | ||
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| keep it (if bound transcription impossible) || LUGAL.GAL → LUGAL.GAL king:great ‘Great King’ | | keep it (if bound transcription impossible) || LUGAL.GAL → LUGAL.GAL king:great ‘Great King’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" | {{Red|'''-'''}} || || make bound transcription || ''Ku-uš-ša-ra'' → Kussara TOPN ‘''Kussara''’ <br/>URU-''az'' → URUaz city:ABL ‘from (the) city’ | | align="center" | {{Red|''':'''}} || || leave out || | ||
|- | |||
| align="center" | {{Red|'''-'''}} || || make bound transcription of either the underlying Hittite word or of the Akkadogram, i.e. the Akkadian word || ''Ku-uš-ša-ra'' → Kussara TOPN ‘''Kussara''’ <br/>URU-''az'' → URUaz city:ABL ‘from (the) city’ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| || align="center" | {{Red|'''-'''}} || like “.”, but with sumerograms; <br/>keep italics for sumerogram || GAL-''ŠUNU'' → GAL.''ŠUNU'' great:POSS.3PL. | | || align="center" | {{Red|'''-'''}} || like “.”, but with sumerograms; <br/>keep italics for sumerogram || GAL-''ŠUNU'' → GAL.''ŠUNU'' great:POSS.3PL.C ‘their leader’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || align="center" | = || keep it ([[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_equal_sign|clitic]]) || ''me-e-ni-im-me-et'' → mēni=mmet face:ACC.SG=POSS.1SG.ACC.SG.N ‘my face’ | | || align="center" | = || keep it ([[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_equal_sign|clitic]]) || ''me-e-ni-im-me-et'' → mēni=mmet face:ACC.SG.N=POSS.1SG.NOM/ACC.SG.N ‘my face’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || align="center" | '''( )''' || leave parentheses <br/>and content out || ''n(u)=an'' → n=an | | || align="center" | '''( )''' || leave parentheses <br/>and content out || ''n(u)=an'' → n=an CNJ=3SG.ACC.C ‘and him’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| align="center" colspan ="2" | (superscript) || leave classifiers out || <sup>URU</sup>''Kussara'' → Kussara TOPN ‘''Kussara''’ | | align="center" colspan ="2" | (superscript) || leave classifiers out || <sup>URU</sup>''Kussara'' → Kussara TOPN ‘''Kussara''’ | ||
Revision as of 12:58, 6 August 2017
Examples for common forms
(In preperation.)
Extra Glossing transcription line
Traditional scholarly transliteration as well as bound transcription of Hittite uses punctuation, too. This punctuation is in conflict with the punctuation as defined by the Glossing Rules.
Compare the following table:
| Puctuation | Meaning in scholarly transliterations of Hittite |
Meaning in scholarly bound transcription of Hittite |
Meaning in Glossing transcription line |
Meaning in Glossing line |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Separates cuneiform signs used in Sumerograms | — | Portmanteau morpheme | |
| : | Glossenkeil | — | Morpheme separator | |
| - | Separates cuneiform signs used in Akkadograms and in syllabic spelling | Affix | ||
| = | — | Clitic | Clitic | |
| ( ) | — | Non-overt phonemes, scholarly reconstruction |
— | Inherent category |
| [ ] | Completely destroyed text (lacuna), potentially with reconstructed content |
— | ‘Zero’ morpheme | |
| ⌈ ⌉ | Partially destroyed text, usually with reconstructed content |
— | ||
| { } | Erasure | — | ||
| < > | Emendation of a scribal error (addition) | Infix | ||
| << >> | Emendation of a scribal error (deletion) | — | ||
| ~ | — | Reduplication morpheme | ||
| \ | — | — | Transfix | |
| _ | — | Fixed phrase | Fixed phrase | |
| \ | — | — | Ablaut phenomenon | |
| / | (Options) | — | Ambigous morpheme | |
In order to prevent any confusion, it is strongly advisable or, as far as “-” and “< >” are concerned, even mandatory not to use these symbols in their traditional meaning in the Glossing transcription line (directly above the Glossing line). Keep in mind that the number and sequence of “-”, “=”, “~”, and “< >” in the Glossing transcription and the gloss needs to match exactly.
- Problematic examples
| Transliteration | LUGAL | URUKu-uš-ša-<ra> | URU-az | kat-ta | [pa-]an-ga-ri-it | ụ́[-it] |
| Glosses | king | TOPN | city:ABL | down | mass:INSTR | come:PRT.3SG.ACT |
‘The king of Kussara [came] down from the city with great (power).’
| Bound transcription | LUGAL | URUKussa<ra> | URU-az | katta | [pa]ngarit | u[et] |
| Glosses | king | TOPN | city:ABL | down | mass:INSTR | come:PRT.3SG.ACT |
‘The king of Kussara [came] down from the city with great (power).’
Consequently, the encoder needs to add an extra ‘Glossing transcription line’ between the traditional Transliteration line (or traditional Bound transcription line) and the Glossing line.
- Examples
| Transliteration | LUGAL | URUKu-uš-ša-<ra> | URU-az | kat-ta | [pa-]an-ga-ri-it | ụ́[-it] | |
| Glossing transcription | LUGAL | Kussara | URUaz | katta | pangarit | ||
| Glosses | king | TOPN | city:ABL | down | mass:INSTR | come:PRT.3SG.ACT | uet |
‘The king of Kussara [came] down from the city with great (power).’
| Bound transcription | LUGAL | URUKussa<ra> | URU-az | katta | [pa]ngarit | u[et] |
| Glossing transcription | LUGAL | Kussara | URUaz | katta | pangarit | uet |
| Glosses | king | TOPN | city:ABL | down | mass:INSTR | come:PRT.3SG.ACT |
‘The king of Kussara [came] down from the city with great (power).’
In the Glossing transcription line, all symbols need to be used according to the Glossing Rules. In the Traditional transliteration line, however, the encoder may use all the symbols according to his/her scholarly tradition.
Hands-on transcription transformation guidelines
To derive a valid Glossing transcription line from a traditional transliteration or transcription line, the follwoing hand-on rules may help.
Compare the following table:
| Traditional transliteration line |
Traditional transcription line |
Glossing transliteration line |
Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | make bound transcription | ||
| keep it (if bound transcription impossible) | LUGAL.GAL → LUGAL.GAL king:great ‘Great King’ | ||
| : | leave out | ||
| - | make bound transcription of either the underlying Hittite word or of the Akkadogram, i.e. the Akkadian word | Ku-uš-ša-ra → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ URU-az → URUaz city:ABL ‘from (the) city’ | |
| - | like “.”, but with sumerograms; keep italics for sumerogram |
GAL-ŠUNU → GAL.ŠUNU great:POSS.3PL.C ‘their leader’ | |
| = | keep it (clitic) | me-e-ni-im-me-et → mēni=mmet face:ACC.SG.N=POSS.1SG.NOM/ACC.SG.N ‘my face’ | |
| ( ) | leave parentheses and content out |
n(u)=an → n=an CNJ=3SG.ACC.C ‘and him’ | |
| (superscript) | leave classifiers out | URUKussara → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ | |
| < > | leave brackets out; keep content |
URUKussa<ra> → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ | |
| { } | leave brackets and content out | URUKussa{sa}ra → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ | |
| [ ] | leave brackets out; keep content or leave it out |
URU[Kussa]ra → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ URU[Kussa]ra → [__]ra ‘[destroyed]’ | |
| ⌈ ⌉ | leave brackets out; keep content |
URU⌈Kussa⌉ra → Kussara TOPN ‘Kussara’ | |