Unicode: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:02, 29 April 2021

Transliterations and transcriptions of ancient languages usually use some special characters, e.g. Greek signs, like alpha (α), ‘s’ with caron (š), ‘h’ with breve below (ḫ), ‘t’ with dot below (ṭ), Semitic Ain (ꜥ), Egyptological Alif (ꜣ).

In order to produce a robust file for e.g. a publisher, i.e. a file that is going to be displayed correctly on any electronic device, it is advisable that the encoder uses strictly Unicode fonts to enter his/her data. Characters that have been entered with a Unicode font cannot be confused on any other device. This is because the file actually contains the unique Unicode number of the intended character, e.g. U+1E6D. This number is unique and reserved for this very character all across the world in any Unicode font. With Unicode fonts, the only things that can happen are: a) The character cannot be displayed at all on the receiver’s device; b) The style of the font may be different, depending on the actual Unicode font that is installed on the receiver’s device.)

Recommended fonts[edit | edit source]

For glossing in general or for editing specific languages, we recommend to install the following fonts:

Language	Fonts	Character examples
Glossing in general	Charis SIL	diacritics, IPA symbols, ā ē ī ō ū
Akkadian	Times New Roman Arial Unicode MS Charis SIL New Athena Unicode Junicode	ʾ ʿ ḫ ṣ š ṭ
Coptic	Antinouu IFAO-Grec Unicode	ⲁ ⲉ ⲙ ϣ ϩ ϭ ϯ ⳉ ⳁ
Ancient Egyptian ^[1]	New Athena Unicode Junicode	ꜣ ʾ ꞽ i̯ ï ꜥ u̯ ḥ ḫ ẖ h̭ ś š ḳ č ṯ ṭ ṱ č̣ ḏ
Greek	New Athena Unicode ^[2] IFAO-Grec Unicode	α ζ ς ή ω ᾆ ἧ ὧ.
Hittite	Times New Roman Arial Unicode MS Charis SIL New Athena Unicode Junicode	ḫ š

Required Unicode characters[edit | edit source]

Character	Unicode number	Character	Unicode number	Languages
ʿ	U+02BF			Akkadian
ʾ	U+02BE			Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
ꜥ	U+A725	Ꜥ	U+A724	Ancient Egyptian
ꜣ	U+A723	Ꜣ	U+A722	Ancient Egyptian
č	U+010D	Č	U+010C	Ancient Egyptian
č̣	U+010D&U+0323	Č̣	U+010C&U+0323	Ancient Egyptian
ḏ	U+1E0F	Ḏ	U+1E0E	Ancient Egyptian
ḥ	U+1E25	Ḥ	U+1E24	Ancient Egyptian
ḫ	U+1E2B	Ḫ	U+1E2A	Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
ẖ	U+1E96	H̱	'H'&U+0331	Ancient Egyptian
h̭	'h'&U+032D	H̭	'H'&U+032D	Ancient Egyptian
ꞽ	U+A7BD	Ꞽ	U+A7BC	Ancient Egyptian
i̯	'i'&U+032F			Ancient Egyptian
ï	U+00EF			Ancient Egyptian
ḳ	U+1E33	Ḳ	U+1E32	Ancient Egyptian
ṣ	U+032E	Ṣ	U+032D	Akkadian
ś	U+015B	Ś	U+015A	Ancient Egyptian
š	U+0161	Š	U+0160	Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
ṯ	U+1E6F	Ṯ	U+1E6E	Ancient Egyptian
ṭ	U+1E6D	Ṭ	U+1E6C	Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
ṱ	U+1E71	Ṱ	U+1E70	Ancient Egyptian
u̯	‘u’&U+032F			Ancient Egyptian
⸗	U+2E17			Ancient Egyptian
⸢	U+2E22	⸣	U+2E23	text critical markup
⟨	U+27E8	⟩	U+27E9	text critical markup

References[edit | edit source]

↑ Daniel A. Werning. Egyptological Transliteration in Unicode, http://hdl.handle.net/21.11101/0000-0000-9E1A-2; Page Ägyptische Hieroglyphen, in: Wikipedia, Die freie Enzyklopädie, State of: 11.Dez.2019, 11:32 UTC..
↑ Note that New Athena Unicode uses non-standardized Private Use Area for some few characters, e.g.    . See here.

[1] Daniel A. Werning. Egyptological Transliteration in Unicode, http://hdl.handle.net/21.11101/0000-0000-9E1A-2; Page Ägyptische Hieroglyphen, in: Wikipedia, Die freie Enzyklopädie, State of: 11.Dez.2019, 11:32 UTC..

[2] Note that New Athena Unicode uses non-standardized Private Use Area for some few characters, e.g.    . See here.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Transliterations and transcriptions of ancient languages usually use some '''special characters''', e.g. Greek signs, like alpha (&alpha;), ‘s’ with caron (''š''), ‘h’ with breve below (''ḫ''), ‘t’ with dot below (''ṭ''), Semitic Ain (''ꜥ''), Egyptological Alif (''ꜣ'').
+Transliterations and transcriptions of ancient languages usually use some '''special characters''', e.g. Greek signs, like alpha (&alpha;), ‘s’ with caron (''š''), ‘h’ with breve below (''ḫ''), ‘t’ with dot below (''<span class="translit">ṭ</span>''), Semitic Ain (''<span class="translit">ꜥ</span>''), Egyptological Alif (''<span class="translit">ꜣ</span>'').
 In order to produce a robust file for e.g. a publisher, i.e. a file that is going to be displayed correctly on any electronic device, it is advisable that the encoder uses strictly '''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode Unicode fonts]''' to enter his/her data. '''Characters''' that have been entered with a Unicode font '''cannot be confused''' on any other device. This is because the file actually contains the unique Unicode number of the intended character, e.g. <nowiki>U+1E6D</nowiki>. This number is unique and reserved for this very character all across the world in any Unicode font. With Unicode fonts, the only things that can happen are: a) The character cannot be displayed at all on the receiver’s device; b) The style of the font may be different, depending on the actual Unicode font that is installed on the receiver’s device.)
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 | Glossing in general || [http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download ''Charis SIL''] || diacritics, IPA symbols, ā ē ī ō ū
 |-
-| Akkadian || ''Times New Roman <br/>Arial Unicode MS <br/>[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download Charis SIL] <br/>[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode]'' || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>''ʾ ʿ ḫ ṣ š ṭ''</big></big>
+| Akkadian || ''Times New Roman <br/>Arial Unicode MS <br/>[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download Charis SIL] <br/>[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode] <br/>[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/) Junicode]'' || style="font-family:Times New Roman, Segoe UI" | <big><big>''ʾ ʿ ḫ ṣ š ṭ''</big></big>
 |-
-| Coptic || [http://www.evertype.com/fonts/coptic/ ''Antinouu''] || style="font-family:Antinoou" | <big><big>ⲁ ⲉ ⲙ ϣ ϩ ϭ ϯ ⳉ ⳁ</big></big>
+| Coptic || [http://www.evertype.com/fonts/coptic/ ''Antinouu''] <br/>[http://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/publier/outils-ed/polices/#download ''IFAO-Grec Unicode''] || style="font-family:Segoe UI Historic, Antinoou, IFAO-Grec Unicode" | <big><big>ⲁ ⲉ ⲙ ϣ ϩ ϭ ϯ ⳉ ⳁ</big></big>
 |-
-| Ancient&nbsp;Egyptian<ref>Daniel A. Werning. 28.7.2016. ''Egyptological Transliteration in Unicode'', http://hdl.handle.net/21.11101/0000-0000-9E1A-2; Wikipedia, [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84gyptische_Hieroglyphen#Hieroglyphen_in_der_Textverarbeitung ''Ägyptische Hieroglyphen. In der elektronischen Datenverarbeitung''].</ref> || ''[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode] <br/>[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/) Junicode]'' || style="font-family:New Athena Unicode" | <big><big>''ꜣ ʾ ı͗ i̯ ï ꜥ u̯ ḥ ḫ ẖ h̭ ś š ḳ č ṯ ṭ ṱ č̣ ḏ''</big></big>
+| Ancient&nbsp;Egyptian&nbsp;<ref>Daniel A. Werning. ''Egyptological Transliteration in Unicode'', http://hdl.handle.net/21.11101/0000-0000-9E1A-2; Page [https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C3%84gyptische_Hieroglyphen&oldid=194817459#Unicode Ägyptische Hieroglyphen], in: ''Wikipedia, Die freie Enzyklopädie'', State of: 11.Dez.2019, 11:32 UTC..</ref> || ''[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode] <br/>[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/) Junicode]'' || class="translit" | <big><big>''ꜣ ʾ ꞽ i̯ ï ꜥ u̯ ḥ ḫ ẖ h̭ ś š ḳ č ṯ ṭ ṱ č̣ ḏ''</big></big>
 |-
-| Greek || [http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html ''New Athena Unicode'']  || <span style="font-family:New Athena Unicode"><big><big>α ζ ς ή ω ᾆ ἧ ὧ</big></big></span>  <br/>{{Red|but uses non-standardized [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Use_%28Unicode%29 ''Private Use Area''] <br/>for some few characters:}} e.g. <span style="font-family:New Athena Unicode"><big><big>   </big></big></span>.
+| Greek || [http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html ''New Athena Unicode'']&nbsp;<ref>Note that New Athena Unicode  uses non-standardized [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Use_%28Unicode%29 ''Private Use Area''] for some few characters, e.g. <span style="font-family:New Athena Unicode"><big><big>   </big></big></span>. See [https://apagreekkeys.org/technicalDetails.html#PUA here].</ref> <br/>[http://www.ifao.egnet.net/publications/publier/outils-ed/polices/#download ''IFAO-Grec Unicode'']  || style="font-family:New Athena Unicode,IFAO-Grec Unicode" | <big><big>α ζ ς ή ω ᾆ ἧ ὧ</big></big>.
 |-
-| Hittite || ''Times New Roman <br/>Arial Unicode MS <br/>[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download Charis SIL] <br/>[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode] <br/>[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/) Junicode]'' || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>''ḫ š''</big></big>
+| Hittite || ''Times New Roman <br/>Arial Unicode MS <br/>[http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&id=charissil_download Charis SIL] <br/>[http://apagreekkeys.org/NAUdownload.html New Athena Unicode] <br/>[http://junicode.sourceforge.net/) Junicode]'' || style="font-family:Times New Roman, Segoe UI" | <big><big>''ḫ š''</big></big>
 |}
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 {| class="wikitable sortable"
 |-
-! Character !! Unicode <br/>number !! Character  !! Unicode <br/>number !! Fonts !! Languages
+! Character !! Unicode <br/>number !! Character  !! Unicode <br/>number !! Languages
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ʿ</big></big> || U+02BF || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ʿ</big></big> || U+02BF || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Akkadian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ʾ</big></big> || U+02BE || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ʾ</big></big> || U+02BE || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>ꜥ</big></big>&nbsp;<ref name="small_alif_malformed">The characters U+A725 LATIN {{Orange|SMALL}} LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL AIN and U+A723 LATIN {{Orange|SMALL}} LETTER EGYPTOLOGICAL ALEF are not usually printed smaller than the respective capitals. For print typesetting (but not for database encoding), we recommend to use the respectice CAPITAL letters instead.</ref> || U+A725 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ꜥ</big></big> || U+A724|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" | <big><big>ꜥ</big></big> || U+A725 || class="translit" | <big><big>Ꜥ</big></big> || U+A724|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>ꜣ</big></big>&nbsp;<ref name="small_alif_malformed" /> || U+A723 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ꜣ</big></big> || U+A722|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" | <big><big>ꜣ</big></big> || U+A723 || class="translit" | <big><big>Ꜣ</big></big> || U+A722|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>č</big></big> || U+010D || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Č</big></big> || U+010C|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>č</big></big> || U+010D || class="translit" | <big><big>Č</big></big> || U+010C|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>č̣</big></big> || U+010D&U+0323 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Č̣</big></big> || U+010C&U+0323|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>č̣</big></big> || U+010D&U+0323 || class="translit" | <big><big>Č̣</big></big> || U+010C&U+0323|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ḏ</big></big> || U+1E0F || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ḏ</big></big> || U+1E0E|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ḏ</big></big> || U+1E0F || class="translit" | <big><big>Ḏ</big></big> || U+1E0E|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ḥ</big></big> || U+1E25 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ḥ</big></big> || U+1E24|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ḥ</big></big> || U+1E25 || class="translit" | <big><big>Ḥ</big></big> || U+1E24|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ḫ</big></big> || U+1E2B || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ḫ</big></big> || U+1E2B|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ḫ</big></big> || U+1E2B || class="translit" | <big><big>Ḫ</big></big> || U+1E2A|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ẖ</big></big> || U+1E96 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>H̱</big></big> || 'H'+ U+0331|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ẖ</big></big> || U+1E96 || class="translit" | <big><big>H̱</big></big> || 'H'&U+0331|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>h̭</big></big> || 'h'&U+032D || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>H̭</big></big> || 'H'&U+032D|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>h̭</big></big> || 'h'&U+032D || class="translit" | <big><big>H̭</big></big> || 'H'&U+032D|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ı͗</big></big> || U+0131&U+0357 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>I͗</big></big> || 'I'&U+0357|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ꞽ</big></big> || U+A7BD || class="translit" | <big><big>Ꞽ</big></big> || U+A7BC || Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>i̯</big></big> || 'i'&U+032F || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>i̯</big></big> || 'i'&U+032F || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ï</big></big> || U+00EF || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ï</big></big> || U+00EF || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ḳ</big></big> || U+1E33 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ḳ</big></big> || U+1E32|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ḳ</big></big> || U+1E33 || class="translit" | <big><big>Ḳ</big></big> || U+1E32|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ṣ</big></big> || U+032E || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ṣ</big></big> || U+032D|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ṣ</big></big> || U+032E || class="translit" | <big><big>Ṣ</big></big> || U+032D|| Akkadian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ś</big></big> || U+015B || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ś</big></big> || U+015A|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ś</big></big> || U+015B || class="translit" | <big><big>Ś</big></big> || U+015A|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>š</big></big> || U+0161 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Š</big></big> || U+0160|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
+| class="translit" |<big><big>š</big></big> || U+0161 || class="translit" | <big><big>Š</big></big> || U+0160|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Hittite
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ṯ</big></big> || U+1E6F || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ṯ</big></big> || U+1E6E|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ṯ</big></big> || U+1E6F || class="translit" | <big><big>Ṯ</big></big> || U+1E6E|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>ṭ</big></big> || U+1E6D || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>Ṭ</big></big> || U+1E6C|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ṭ</big></big> || U+1E6D || class="translit" | <big><big>Ṭ</big></big> || U+1E6C|| Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>u̯</big></big> || ‘u’&U+032F || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>ṱ</big></big> || U+1E71 || class="translit" | <big><big>Ṱ</big></big> || U+1E70|| Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>⸗</big></big> || U+2E17 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big></big></big> || || ''New Athena Unicode''|| Ancient Egyptian
+| class="translit" |<big><big>u̯</big></big> || ‘u’&U+032F || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:New Athena Unicode" |<big><big>⸢</big></big> || U+2E22 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>⸣</big></big> || U+2E23|| ''New Athena Unicode''|| text critical markup
+| class="translit" |<big><big>⸗</big></big> || U+2E17 || class="translit" | <big><big></big></big> || || Ancient Egyptian
 |-
-| style="font-family:Charis SIL" |<big><big>〈</big></big> || U+2329 || style="font-family:Charis SIL" | <big><big>〉</big></big> || U+232A|| ''New Athena Unicode, Charis SIL''|| text critical markup
+| class="translit" |<big><big>&#x2E22;</big></big> || U+2E22 || class="translit" | <big><big>&#x2E23;</big></big> || U+2E23||  text critical markup
+|-
+| class="translit" |<big><big>&#x27E8;</big></big> || U+27E8 || class="translit" | <big><big>&#x27E9;</big></big> || U+27E9|| text critical markup
 |}

Unicode: Difference between revisions

From Glossing Ancient Languages

Latest revision as of 08:02, 29 April 2021

Contents

Recommended fonts[edit | edit source]

Recommended programs and links[edit | edit source]

Keyboard layouts[edit | edit source]

Creator programs[edit | edit source]

Ready layouts[edit | edit source]

Unicode character programs and links[edit | edit source]

Required Unicode characters[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]