Editing Coptic:Glossing recommendations

== Common forms ==

{{Contribute}} ''You might want to take [[Ancient Egyptian:Glossing recommendations]] as a model.''

== Examples in published articles and books ==
List of [[Ancient Egyptian:Examples of glossings|examples of glossed texts online]].

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== Extra Glossing transcription line ==
Readers outside the field of Coptology '''cannot be expected to be able to read Coptic letters'''. Anyhow, it is good common practice to translate all not latin-based script systems into latin-based transliterations or transcriptions. There are various systems to transliterate Coptic which differ in detail. Recently the following transliteration symbols have been suggested: <ref>Grossman, Eitan & Martin Haspelmathin (in print). The Leipzig-Jerusalem Transliteration of Coptic, in: ''Egyptian-Coptic Linguistics in Typological Perspective'', ed. by T. S. Richter, M. Haspelmath & E. Grossman (Manuscript submitted to De Gruyter Mouton).</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Copt. !! Transl. !! &nbsp; !! Copt. !! Transl. !! &nbsp; !! Copt. !! Transl. !! &nbsp; !! Copt. !! Transl. !! &nbsp; !! Copt. !! Transl. !! &nbsp; !! Copt. !! Transl.
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲁ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>a</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲏ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>ê</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲛ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>n</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲧ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>t</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϥ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>f</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⳉ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>x’</big></big></big> 
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲃ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>b</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲑ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>t <sup><big><big><big>'''h'''</big></big></big></sup></big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲝ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>k <sup><big><big><big>'''s'''</big></big></big></sup></big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲩ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>u</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϩ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>h</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⳃ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>ç</big></big></big> 
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲅ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>g</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲓ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>i</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲟ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>o</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲫ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>p <sup><big><big><big>'''h'''</big></big></big></sup></big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϧ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>x</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⳋ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>ç’</big></big></big> 
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲇ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>d</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲕ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>k</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲡ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>p</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲯ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>p <sup><big><big><big>'''s'''</big></big></big></sup></big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϫ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>č</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big></big></big></big> || <big><big><big></big></big></big> 
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲉ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>e</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲗ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>l</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲣ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>r</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲱ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>ô</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϭ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>c</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big></big></big></big> || <big><big><big></big></big></big> 
|-
| <big><big><big>ⲍ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>z</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲙ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>m</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ⲥ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>s</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϣ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>š</big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big>ϯ</big></big></big> || <big><big><big>t <sup><big><big><big>'''i'''</big></big></big></sup></big></big></big> ||  &nbsp; || <big><big><big></big></big></big> || <big><big><big></big></big></big>

|}

The encoder shall add the transliteration in an '''an extra ‘Glossing transcription line’''' between the original Coptic line and the Glossing line. 

;Example:
{| {{Glossing table}} |
|-
| '''Coptic''' || ⲡⲣⲣⲟ || ⲇⲉ || ⲛⲉⲙⲛⲧϥ || ϣⲏⲣⲉ || ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ
|-
| '''Glossing transcription''' || prro || de || nemntf || šêre || nhoout 
|-
| '''Glosses'''  || DEF.SG.M:king(M) || but || PST:not_have:3SG.M || son/child(M) || ATTR:male(M) 
|}
{{Translation|‘But the king had no male child (but only two daugthers)’.}} 

But there is also another issue. 

Traditional philological '''editions of manuscripts use a system of punctuation''' (cf. the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden_Conventions ''Leiden Conventions'']) which is partially in conflict with the punctuation as defined by the [[Glossing Rules]].

Compare the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Puctuation !! Meaning in <br/>philological editions!! Meaning in <br/>Glossing transcription line !! Meaning in <br/>Glossing line  
|-
| align="center" | '''&lt;&nbsp;&gt;''' || {{Red|Emendation of a scribal error (addition)}} || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_angle_brackets|Infix]]
|-
| align="center" | '''{&nbsp;}''' || Emendation of a scribal error (deletion) || colspan="2" |  — 
|-
| align="center" | '''[&nbsp;]''' || {{Orange| Completely destroyed text (''lacuna''), <br/>potentially with reconstructed content}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_square_brackets|‘Zero’ morpheme]]
|-
| align="center" | '''[[&nbsp;]]''' || Deleted text || colspan="2" | —
|-
| align="center" | '''(&nbsp;)''' || {{Orange|Non-overt part of an abbreviation}} || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_parentheses|Inherent]] category
|-
| align="center" | '''''dot below''''' <br/>(e.g. {{Coptic|ⲁ̣}}) || Damaged or unclear characters || colspan="2" | —
|-
| align="center" | '''\''' || rowspan="2" | {{Orange|Addition/insertion above the line}} ('''\&nbsp;/''' ''or'' '''‘&nbsp;’''') || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_backslash|''Ablaut'']] phenomenon
|-
| align="center" | '''/''' ||  — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_slash|Ambigous]] morpheme
|-
| align="center" | '''~''' || — || colspan="2" | [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_tilde|Reduplication]] morpheme
|-
| align="center" | '''_''' || — || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_underscore_object_language|Fixed phrase]] || [[Glossing_Rules#Punctuation_underscore_gloss|Fixed phrase]] 
|}

In order to prevent any confusion between the meaning of “[&nbsp;]” and “(&nbsp;)” in the Coptic line and “[&nbsp;]” and “(&nbsp;)” in the Glossing line, it is strongly advisable to use these symbols in their traditional meaning in the Glossing transcription line directly above the Glossing line at all. As far as “&lt;&nbsp;&gt;” is concerned, it is even mandatory not to use it with the philological meaning (''emendation'') in the Glossing transcription line. (Keep in mind that the number and sequence of “-”, “=”, “~”, and “&lt;&nbsp;&gt;” in the Glossing transcription and the gloss needs to [[Glossing_Rules#Correct_sequential_alignment|match exactly]].)

; Problematic examples:
{| {{Wrong glossing table}} |
|-
| '''Coptic (edited)''' || {{Orange|<nowiki>[</nowiki>}}ⲡ=ⲣ{{Orange|<nowiki>]</nowiki>}}ⲣⲟ || ⲇⲉ || ⲛⲉ=ⲙ{{Red|&lt;}}ⲛ{{Red|&gt;}}ⲧ-ϥ || {{Orange|<nowiki>\</nowiki>}}ϣⲏⲣⲉ{{Orange|<nowiki>/</nowiki>}} || ⲛ=ϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ
|-
| '''Glosses'''  || DEF.SG.M=king(M) || but || PST=not_have-3SG.M || son{{Orange|<nowiki>/</nowiki>}}child(M) || ATTR=male(M) 
|}
{{Translation|‘But the king had no male child (but only two daugthers)’.}} 

{| {{Wrong glossing table}} |
|-
| '''Glossing transcription''' || ''{{Orange|<nowiki>[</nowiki>}}p=r{{Orange|<nowiki>]</nowiki>}}ro'' || ''de'' || ''ne=m{{Red|&lt;}}n{{Red|&gt;}}t-f'' || ''{{Orange|<nowiki>\</nowiki>}}šêre{{Orange|<nowiki>/</nowiki>}}'' || ''n=hoout'' 
|-
| '''Glosses'''  || DEF.SG.M=king(M) || but || PST=not_have-3SG.M || son/child(M) || ATTR=male(M) 
|}
{{Translation|‘But the king had no male child (but only two daugthers)’.}} 

The advices to provide a latin-based transcription and to keep the line directly above the Glossing line free of philological markups are the two main reasons to provide the following three lines: 
# a '''Coptic''' line with philological markup, 
# a '''Transcription''' line (without philological markup), 
# the '''Glossing''' line.


; Example:
{| {{Glossing table}} |
|-
| '''Coptic (edited)''' || [ⲡⲣ]ⲣⲟ || ⲇⲉ || ⲛⲉⲙ&lt;ⲛ&gt;ⲧϥ || \ϣⲏⲣⲉ/ || ⲛϩⲟⲟⲩⲧ
|-
| '''Glossing transcription''' || p=rro || de || ne=mnt-f || šêre || n=hoout 
|-
| '''Glosses'''  || DEF.SG.M=king(M) || but || PST=not_have-3SG.M || son/child(M) || ATTR=male(M) 
|}
{{Translation|‘But the king had no male child (but only two daugthers)’.}}  

In the Glossing transcription line, all symbols need to be used according to the [[Glossing Rules]]. In the Traditional transliteration line, however, the encoder may use all the symbols according to his/her philological tradition.

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== Hands-on transcription transformation guidelines ==
To '''derive a valid Glossing transcription line''' from a Coptic line with philological markup, the follwoing hands-on rules may help.

Compare the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Coptic (edited) !! colspan="2" | Glossing transcription line !! Examples
|-
| align="center"  | '''''dot below''''' <br/>(e.g. {{Coptic|ⲁ̣}}) || leave dot below out || keep character || {{Coptic|ϣⲏ̣ⲣⲉ}} → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’
|-
| align="center"  | {{Red|'''&lt;&nbsp;&gt;'''}} || leave brackets out || rowspan="3" | keep content || &lt;ϣ&gt;ⲏⲣⲉ → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’
|-
| align="center" | '''(&nbsp;)''' || leave parentheses out || ⲁⲩ(ⲟ) → auo and ‘and’
|-
| align="center" | '''\&nbsp;/''' ''or'' '''‘&nbsp;’''' || leave ‘slashes’ out || ϣ\ⲏ/ⲣⲉ → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’
|-
| align="center"  | '''[&nbsp;]''' || leave brackets out || keep content <br/>or leave it out || ϣⲏ[ⲣⲉ] → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’ <br/>ϣⲏ[ⲣⲉ] → šē[__] ‘[''-destroyed-'']’
|-
| align="center"  | '''[[&nbsp;]]''' || rowspan="2" | leave brackets out || rowspan="2" | leave content out || ϣⲏ<nowiki>[[</nowiki>ⲏ<nowiki>]]</nowiki>ⲣⲉ → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’
|-
| align="center"  | '''{&nbsp;}''' || ϣⲏ{ⲏ}ⲣⲉ → šēre son/child(M) ‘child’
|}

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