Akkadian:Glossing of common Akkadian forms
From Glossing Ancient Languages
Grammatical forms
Abbreviations
B = Babylonian
A = Assyrian
OB = Old Babylonian
OA = Old Assyrian
MB = Middle Babylonian
MA = Middle Assyrian
OAKK = Old Akkadian
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Independent personal pronouns (OB; OA)
For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see GAG §41 g.
Nominative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| anāku | anāku | 1SG.NOM | anāku | 1SG.C.NOM |
| attā | attā | 2SG.M.NOM | attā | 2SG.M.NOM |
| attī | attī | 2SG.F.NOM | attī | 2SG.F.NOM |
| šū; šūt | šū; šūt | 3SG.M.NOM | šū; šūt | 3SG.M.NOM |
| šī; šīt | šī; šīt | 3SG.F.NOM | šī; šīt | 3SG.F.NOM |
| nīnu; nēnu | nīnu; nēnu | 1PL.NOM | nīnu; nēnu | 1PL.C.NOM |
| attunu | attune | 2PL.M.NOM | attunu | 2PL.M.NOM |
| attina | attina | 2PL.F.NOM | attina | 2PL.F.NOM |
| šunu | šunu | 3PL.M.NOM | šunu | 3PL.M.NOM |
| šina | šina | 3PL.F.NOM | šina | 3PL.F.NOM |
Genitive/Accusative (OA also dative)
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jâti | jâti | 1SG:GEN/ACC | jâti | 1SG.C:GEN/ACC |
| kâti, kâta; kuāti, kuwāti | kâti, kâta; kuāti, kuwāti | 2SG.M:GEN/ACC | kâti, kâta; kuāti, kuwāti | 2SG.M:GEN/ACC |
| kâti; kuāti, kuwāti | kâti; kuāti, kuwāti | 2SG.F:GEN/ACC | kâti; kuāti, kuwāti | 2SG.F:GEN/ACC |
| šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu | šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu | 3SG.M.GEN/ACC | šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu | 3SG.M:GEN/ACC |
| šuāti, šâti, šiāti | šuāti, šâti, šiāti | 3SG.F:GEN/ACC | šuāti, šâti, šiāti | 3SG.F:GEN/ACC |
| niāti | niāti | 1PL:GEN/ACC | niāti | 1PL.C:GEN/ACC |
| kunūti | kunūti | 2PL.M:GEN/ACC | kunūti | 2PL:M.GEN/ACC |
| kināti | kināti | 2PL.F:GEN/ACC | kināti | 2PL.F:GEN/ACC |
| šunūti | šunūti | 3PL.M:GEN/ACC | šunūti | 3PL.M:GEN/ACC |
| šināti | šināti | 3PL.F:GEN/ACC | šināti | 3PL.F:GEN/ACC |
Dative (only OB)
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jâšim, jâši | jâšim, jâši | 1SG:DAT | jâšim, jâši | 1SG.C:DAT |
| kâšim | kâšim | 2SG.M:DAT | kâšim | 2SG.M:DAT |
| kâšim, kâši | kâšim, kâši | 2SG.F:DAT | kâšim, kâši | 2SG.F:DAT |
| šuāšim, šâšim, šâši, šâšum, šâšu | šuāšim, šâšim, šâši, šâšum, šâšu | 3SG.M:DAT | šuāšim, šâšim, šâši, šâšum, šâšu | 3SG.M:DAT |
| šuāšim, šiāšim, šâšim, šâši | šuāšim, šiāšim, šâšim, šâši | 3SG.F:DAT | šuāšim, šiāšim, šâšim, šâši | 3SG.F:DAT |
| niâšim | niâšim | 1PL:DAT | niâšim | 1PL.C:DAT |
| kunūšim, kunūši | kunūšim, kunūši | 2PL.M:DAT | kunūšim, kunūši | 2PL.M:DAT |
| - | - | - | ||
| šunūšim, šunūši | šunūšim, šunūši | 3PL.M:DAT | šunūšim, šunūši | 3PL.M:DAT |
| - | - | - | ||
Independent personal pronouns (later dialects; only A)
For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see GAG §41 i, j.
Nominative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| anāku | anāku | 1SG.NOM | anāku | 1SG.C.NOM |
| attā | attā | 2SG.M.NOM | attā | 2SG.M.NOM |
| attī | attī | 2SG.F.NOM | attī | 2SG.F.NOM |
| šū; šūt | šū; šūt | 3SG.M.NOM | šū; šūt | 3SG.M.NOM |
| šī; šīt | šī; šīt | 3SG.F.NOM | šī; šīt | 3SG.F.NOM |
| nīnu, nīni, anēnu, anēni; nēnu | nīnu, nīni, anēnu, anēni; nēnu | 1PL.NOM | nīnu, nīni, anēnu, anēni; nēnu | 1PL.C.NOM |
| attunu | attune | 2PL.M.NOM | attunu | 2PL.M.NOM |
| attina | attina | 2PL.F.NOM | attina | 2PL.F.NOM |
| šunu | šunu | 3PL.M.NOM | šunu | 3PL.M.NOM |
| šina | šina | 3PL.F.NOM | šina | 3PL.F.NOM |
Genitive/Accusative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jâti | jâti | 1SG:GEN/ACC | jâti | 1SG.C:GEN/ACC |
| kata | kata | 2SG.M:GEN/ACC | kata | 2SG.M:GEN/ACC |
| kâti | kâti | 2SG.F:GEN/ACC | kâti | 2SG.F:GEN/ACC |
| šuāti, šuwāti, šuātu, šātu | šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu | 3SG.M:GEN/ACC | šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu | 3SG.M:GEN/ACC |
| šuāti, šuwāti; šiāti | šuāti, šuwāti; šiāti | 3SG.F:GEN/ACC | šuāti, šuwāti; šiāti | 3SG.F:GEN/ACC |
| niāti, nijāti | niāti, nijāti | 1PL:GEN/ACC | niāti, nijāti | 1PL.C:GEN/ACC |
| kâtun, kâtunu | kunūti | 2PL.M:GEN/ACC | kunūti | 2PL.M:GEN/ACC |
| - | kināti | 2PL.F:GEN/ACC | kināti | 2PL.F:GEN/ACC |
| šâtun, šâtunu, šunūti; šunātunu | šâtun, šâtunu, šunūti; šunātunu | 3PL.M:GEN/ACC | šâtun, šâtunu, šunūti; šunātunu | 3PL.M:GEN/ACC |
| šâtina, šināti; šinātina | šâtina, šināti; šinātina | 3PL.F:GEN/ACC | šâtina, šināti; šinātina | 3PL.F:GEN/ACC |
Dative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jâši | jâši | 1SG:DAT | jâši | 1SG.C:DAT |
| kâša; kuāša | kâša; kuāša | 2SG.M:DAT | kâša; kuāša | 2SG.M:DAT |
| kâši | kâši | 2SG.F:DAT | kâši | 2SG.F:DAT |
| šâšu; šuāšu | šâšu; šuāšu | 3SG.M:DAT | šâšu; šuāšu | 3SG.M:DAT |
| šâši, šâša; šuāša | šâši, šâša; šuāša | 3SG.F:DAT | šâši, šâša; šuāša | 3SG.F:DAT |
| nâši | nâši | 1PL:DAT | nâši | 1PL.C:DAT |
| kâšun, kâšunu; kunāšunu | kâšun, kâšunu; kunāšunu | 2PL.M:DAT | kâšun, kâšunu; kunāšunu | 2PL.M:DAT |
| - | - | - | ||
| šâšun, šâšunu; šunāšunu | šâšun, šâšunu; šunāšunu | 3PL.M:DAT | šâšun, šâšunu; šunāšunu | 3PL.M:DAT |
| šâšina | šâšina | 3PL.F:DAT | šâšina | 3PL.F:DAT |
Suffix pronouns (OB; OA)
For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see GAG §42 g-i.
Genitive
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ī, -ja | :ī, :ja | :1SG.GEN | -ī, -ja | -1SG.C.GEN |
| -ka | :ka | :2SG.M.GEN | -ka | -2SG.M.GEN |
| -ki | :ki | :2SG.F.GEN | -ki | -2SG.F.GEN |
| -šu, -š | :šu, :š | :3SG.M.GEN | -šu, -š | -3SG.M.GEN |
| -ša, -š | :ša, :š | :3SG.F.GEN | -ša, -š | -3SG.F.GEN |
| -ni | :ni | :1PL.GEN | -ni | -1PL.C.GEN |
| -kunu, -kun | :kunu, :kun | :2PL.M.GEN | -kunu, -kun | -2PL.M.GEN |
| -kina, -kin | :kina, :kin | :2PL.F.GEN | -kina, -kin | -2PL.F.GEN |
| -šunu, -šun | :šunu, :šun | :3PL.M.GEN | -šunu, -šun | -3PL.M.GEN |
| -šina, -šin | :šina, :šin | :3PL.F.GEN | -šina, -šin | -3PL.F.GEN |
| Dual forms of the early period | ||||
| -kunī | :kunī | :2DU.GEN | -kunī | -2DU.C.GEN |
| -šunī | :šunī | :3DU.GEN | -šunī | -3DU.C.GEN |
Accusative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ni; -ī | -ni; -ī | :1SG.ACC | -ni; -ī | -1SG.C.ACC |
| -ka | :ka | :2SG.M.ACC | -ka | -2SG.M.ACC |
| -ki | :ki | :2SG.F.ACC | -ki | -2SG.F.ACC |
| -šu, -š | :šu, :š | :3SG.M.ACC | -šu, -š | -3SG.M.ACC |
| -ši, -š | :ši, :š | :3SG.F.ACC | -ši, -š | -3SG.F.ACC |
| -niāti | :niāti | :1PL.ACC | -niāti | -1PL.C:ACC |
| -kunūti; -kunu | :kunūti; :kunu | :2PL.M.ACC | -kunūti; -kunu |
-2PL.M:ACC -2PL.M.ACC |
| -kināti; -kina | :kināti; :kina | :2PL.F.ACC | -kināti; -kina |
-2PL.F:ACC -2PL.F.ACC |
| -šunūti; -šunu | :šunūti; :šunu | :3PL.M.ACC | -šunūti; -šunu |
-3PL.M:ACC -3PL.M.ACC |
| -šināti, -šina | :šināti, :šina | :3PL.F.ACC | -šināti, -šina |
-3PL.F:ACC -3PL.F.ACC |
| Dual forms of the early period | ||||
| - | - | - | ||
| -šunī, -šunīti | :šunī, :šunīti | :3DU.ACC | -šunī, -šunīti |
-3DU.C.ACC -3DU.C:ACC |
Dative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a, am, ni, nim | :a, :am, :ni, :nim | :1SG.DAT | a, ni, am, nim |
-1SG.C.DAT -1SG.C:DAT |
| -ku, -kum | :ku, :kum | :2SG.M.DAT | -ku, -kum |
-2SG.M.DAT -2SG.M:DAT |
| -ki, -kim | :ki, :kim | :2SG.F.DAT | -ki, -kim |
-2SG.F.DAT -2SG.F:DAT |
| -šu, -šum | :šu, :šum | :3SG.M.DAT | -šu, -šum |
-3SG.M.DAT -3SG.M:DAT |
| -ši, -šim | :ši, :šim | :3SG.F.DAT | -ši, -šim |
-3SG.F.DAT -3SG.F:DAT |
| niāši, niāšim; niāti | :niāši, :niāšim; :niāti | :1PL.DAT | niāši, niāšim; niāti |
-1PL.C:DAT -1PL.C.DAT |
| kunūši, kunūšim; kunūti |
:kunūši, :kunūšim; :kunūti |
:2PL.M.DAT | kunūši, kunūšim; kunūti |
-2PL.M:DAT -2PL.M.DAT |
| kināši, kinašim; kināti |
:kināši, :kinašim; :kināti |
:2PL.F.DAT | kināši, kinašim; kināti |
-2PL.F:DAT -2PL.F.DAT |
| šunūši, šunūšim; -šunūti |
:šunūši, :šunūšim; :šunūti |
:3PL.M.DAT | šunūši, šunūšim; šunūti |
-3PL.M:DAT -3PL.M.DAT |
| šināši, šināšim; šināti |
:šināši, :šināšim; :šināti |
:3PL.F.DAT | šināši, šināšim; šināti |
-3PL.F:DAT -3PL.F.DAT |
| Dual forms of the early period | ||||
| - | - | - | ||
| -šunīšim | :šunīšim | :3DU.DAT | -šunīšim | -3DU.C:DAT |
Suffix pronouns (later dialects; only A)
For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see GAG §42 j-k.
Genitive
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ī, -ja, -ā | :ī, :ja, :ā | :1SG.GEN | -ī, -ja, -ā | -1SG.C.GEN |
| -ka, -k | :ka, :k | :2SG.M.GEN | -ka, -k | -2SG.M.GEN |
| -ki, -k, -ku | :ki, :k, :ku | :2SG.F.GEN | -ki, -k, -ku | -2SG.F.GEN |
| -šu, -š | :šu, :š | :3SG.M.GEN | -šu, -š | -3SG.M.GEN |
| -ša, -š | :ša, :š | :3SG.F.GEN | -ša, -š | -3SG.F.GEN |
| -ni | :ni | :1PL.GEN | -ni | -1PL.C.GEN |
| -kunu, -kun | :kunu, :kun | :2PL.M.GEN | -kunu, -kun | -2PL.M.GEN |
| -kina, -kin | :kina, :kin | :2PL.F.GEN | -kina, -kin | -2PL.F.GEN |
| -šunu, -šun | :šunu, :šun | :3PL.M.GEN | -šunu, -šun | -3PL.M.GEN |
| -šina, -šin | :šina, :šin | :3PL.F.GEN | -šina, -šin | -3PL.F.GEN |
Accusative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ni | -ni | :1SG.ACC | -ni | -1SG.C.ACC |
| -ka, -k | :ka, :k | :2SG.M.ACC | -ka, -k | -2SG.M.ACC |
| -ki, -k, -ku | :ki, :k, :ku | :2SG.F.ACC | -ki, -k, -ku | -2SG.F.ACC |
| -šu, -š | :šu, :š | :3SG.M.ACC | -šu, -š | -3SG.M.ACC |
| -ši, -š | :ši, :š | :3SG.F.ACC | -ši, -š | -3SG.F.ACC |
| -niāti, -nâti | :niāti, :nâti | :1PL.ACC | -niāti, -nâti | -1PL.C:ACC |
| -kunūti; -kunu | :kunūti; :kunu | :2PL.M.ACC | -kunūti; -kunu |
-2PL.M:ACC -2PL.M.ACC |
| -kināti; -kina | :kināti; :kina | :2PL.F.ACC | -kināti; -kina |
-2PL.F:ACC -2PL.F.ACC |
| -šunūti; -šunu | :šunūti; :šunu | :3PL.M.ACC | -šunūti; -šunu |
-3PL.M:ACC -3PL.M.ACC |
| -šināti, -šina | :šināti, :šina | :3PL.F.ACC | -šināti, -šina |
-3PL.F:ACC -3PL.F.ACC |
Dative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a, ni; -ne | :a, :ni; :ne | :1SG.DAT | a, ni; -ne | -1SG.C.DAT |
| -ku, -ka, -kam | :ku, :ka, :kam | :2SG.M.DAT | -ku, -ka, -kum |
-2SG.M.DAT -2SG.M:DAT |
| -ki | :ki | :2SG.F.DAT | -ki | -2SG.F.DAT |
| -šu | :šu | :3SG.M.DAT | -šu | -3SG.M.DAT |
| -ši; -še | :ši; :še | :3SG.F.DAT | -ši; -še | -3SG.F.DAT |
| nâši, nâšu | :nâši, :nâšu | :1PL.DAT | nâši, nâšu | -1PL.C:DAT |
| kunūši; kunu | :kunūši; :kunu | :2PL.M.DAT | kunūši; kunu |
-2PL.M:DAT -2PL.M.DAT |
| kināši | :kināši | :2PL.F.DAT | kināši | -2PL.F:DAT |
| šunūši; šunu |
:šunūši; :šunu | :3PL.M.DAT | šunūši; šunu |
-3PL.M:DAT-3PL.M.DAT |
| šināši | :šināši | :3PL.F.DAT | šināši | -3PL.F:DAT |
Independent possessive pronouns (B; A)
For detailed information, see GAG §44 c-d.
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| jāʾum, jûm, jû; jāʾu, ijjû | jāʾum, jûm, jû; jāʾu, ijjû | 1SG.POSS.M.SG | jāʾum, jûm, jû; jāʾu, ijjû | 1SG.POSS.M.SG |
| jatum, jattum, jattun, juttun; ijjātu | jatum, jattum, jattun, juttun; ijjātu | 1SG.POSS.F.SG | jatum, jattum, jattun, juttun; ijjātu | 1SG.POSS:F.SG |
| jāʾūtun, jûtun; jāʾūtum | jāʾūtun, jûtun; jāʾūtum | 1SG.POSS.M.PL | jāʾūtun, jûtun; jāʾūtum | 1SG.POSS:M.PL |
| jâttun; jâtum | jâttun; jâtum | 1SG.POSS.F.PL | jâttun; jâtum | 1SG.POSS:F.PL |
| kû, kûm; kuwāʾum, kuāʾum, kuʾāu, ikkû | kû, kûm; kuwāʾum, kuāʾum, kuʾāu, ikkû | 2SG.POSS.M.SG | kû, kûm; kuwāʾum, kuāʾum, kuʾāu, ikkû | 2SG.POSS.M.SG |
| katum, kattum; kuwātum, kuātum | katum, kattum; kuwātum, kuātum | 2SG.POSS.F.SG | katum, kattum; kuwātum, kuātum | 2SG.POSS:F.SG |
| kuttun, kuttin; kuwāʾūtum, kuāʾūtum | kuttun, kuttin; kuwāʾūtum, kuāʾūtum | 2SG.POSS.M.PL | kuttun, kuttin; kuwāʾūtum, kuāʾūtum | 2SG.POSS:M.PL |
| kâttun, kâttin; kuwātum, kuātum | kâttun, kâttin; kuwātum, kuātum | 2SG.POSS.F.PL | kâttun, kâttin; kuwātum, kuātum | 2SG.POSS:F.PL |
| šûm, šû; šuwāʾum, šuāʾum | šûm, šû; šuwāʾum, šuāʾum | 3SG.POSS.M.SG | šûm, šû; šuwāʾum, šuāʾum | 3SG.POSS.M.SG |
| šattum; šuwātum, šuātum | šattum; šuwātum, šuātum | 3SG.POSS.F.SG | šattum; šuwātum, šuātum | 3SG.POSS:F.SG |
| šuttun, šuttin/šutten | šuttun, šuttin/šutten | 3SG.POSS.M.PL | šuttun, šuttin/šutten | 3SG.POSS:M.PL |
| - | - | - | ||
| nûm; niʾāʾum, innû | nûm; niʾāʾum, innû | 1PL.POSS.M.SG | nûm; niʾāʾum, innû | 1PL.POSS.M.SG |
| niātum, nuttum | niātum, nuttum | 1PL.POSS.F.SG | niātum, nuttum | 1PL.POSS:F.SG |
| nuttum; niʾāʾūtum, innûte | nuttum; niʾāʾūtum, innûte | 1PL.POSS.M.PL | nuttum; niʾāʾūtum, innûte | 1PL.POSS:M.PL |
| -; niʾâtum | -; niʾâtum | 1PL.POSS.F.PL | -; niʾâtum | 1PL.POSS:F.PL |
| -; kunūʾum, kunāʾu, ikkanû | -; kunūʾum, kunāʾu, ikkanû | 2PL.POSS.M.SG | -; kunūʾum, kunāʾu, ikkanû | 2PL.POSS.M.SG |
| -; kunūtum | -; kunūtum | 2PL.POSS.F.SG | -; kunūtum | 2PL.POSS:F.SG |
| - | - | - | ||
| -; kunūʾātum | -; kunūʾātum | 2PL.POSS.F.PL | -; kunūʾātum | 2PL.POSS:F.PL |
| šunûm; iššanû, iššunû | šunûm; iššanû, iššunû | 3PL.POSS.M.SG | šunûm; iššanû, iššunû | 2PL.POSS.M.SG |
| -; šunūtum | -; šunūtum | 3PL.POSS.F.SG | -; šunūtum | 3PL.POSS:F.SG |
| - | - | - | ||
| - | - | - | ||
Demonstrative pronouns (B; A)
For detailed information and more forms, see GAG §45.
Proximal
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| annûm, annû; annium, anniu | annûm, annû; annium, anniu | this.M.SG:NOM | ann-ûm, ann-û; anni-um, anni-u | DEM.PROX.M.SG-NOM |
| annîm, annî; annê | annîm, annî; annê | this.M.SG:GEN | ann-îm, ann-î; ann ê | DEM.PROX.M.SG-GEN |
| anniam, annâ | anniam, annâ | this.M.SG:ACC | anni-am, ann-â | DEM.PROX.M.SG-ACC |
| annītum, annītu | annītum, annītu | this:F.SG:NOM | annī t um, annī-t-u | DEM.PROX F.SG NOM |
| annītim, annīti; annīte | annītim, annīti; annīte | this:F.SG:GEN | annī-t-im, annī-t-i; annī-t-e | DEM.PROX-F.SG-GEN |
| annītam, annīta | annītam, annīta | this:F.SG:ACC | annī-t-am, annī-t-a | DEM.PROX F.SG ACC |
| annûtum, annûtu; anniūtum | annûtum, annûtu; anniūtum | these:M.PL:NOM | ann ût um, ann-ût-u; anni-ūt-um | DEM.PROX-M.PL-NOM |
| annûtim, annûti; anniūtim, annûte | annûtim, annûti; anniūtim, annûte | these:M.PL:GEN/ACC | ann-ût-im, ann-ût-i; anni-ūt-im, ann-ût-e | DEM.PROX-M.PL-GEN/ACC |
| anniātum, annâtu, annêtu | anniātum, annâtu, annêtu | these:F.PL:NOM | anni āt um, ann-ât-u, ann-êt-u | DEM.PROX-F.PL-NOM |
| anniātim, annâti, annêti; annâte | anniātim, annâti, annêti; annâte | these:F.PL:GEN/ACC | anni-āt-im, ann-ât-i, ann-êt-i; ann-ât-e | DEM.PROX-F.PL-GEN/ACC |
| only Old-Akkadian | ||||
| annîn | annîn | these:ACC.DU | ann-în | these-DU.ACC |
Distal
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ullûm, ullû; ammium, ammiu | ullûm, ullû; ammium, ammiu | that.M.SG:NOM | ull-ûm, ull û; ammi-um, ammi-u | DEM.DIST.M.SG-NOM |
| ullîm, ullî; ammîm, ammê | ullîm, ullî; ammîm, ammê | that.M.SG:GEN | ull îm, ull î; amm îm, amm-ê | DEM.DIST.M.SG-GEN |
| ullâm, ullâ; ammiam, ammia | ullâm, ullâ; ammiam, ammia | that.M:ACC.SG | ull-âm, ull â; ammi-am, ammi-a | DEM.DIST.M.SG-ACC |
| ullītum, ullītu; ammītum, ammītu | ullītum, ullītu; ammītum, ammītu | that:F.SG:NOM | ullī-t-um, ullī-t-u; ammī-t-um, ammī-t-u | DEM.DIST-F.SG-NOM |
| ullītim, ullīti; ammītim, ammīte | ullītim, ullīti; ammītim, ammīte | that:F.SG:GEN | ullī-t-im, ullī-t-i; ammī-t-im, ammī-t-e | DEM.DIST-F.SG-GEN |
| ullītam, ullīta; ammītam, ammīta | ullītam, ullīta; ammītam, ammīta | that:F.SG:ACC | ullī-t-am, ullī-t-a; ammī-t-am, ammī-t-a | DEM.DIST-F.SG-ACC |
| ullûtum, ullûtu; ammiūtum, ammûtu | ullûtum, ullûtu; ammiūtum, ammûtu | those:M.PL:NOM | ull-ût-um, ull-ût-u; ammi ūt um, amm-ût-u | DEM.DIST-M.PL-NOM |
| ullûtim, ullûti; ammiūtim, ammûte | ullûtim, ullûti; ammiūtim, ammûte | those:M.PL:GEN/ACC | ull-ût-im, ull-ût-i; ammi-ūt-im, amm-ût-e | DEM.DIST-M.PL-GEN/ACC |
| ulliātum, ullâtu; ammiātum, ammâtu | ulliātum, ullâtu; ammiātum, ammâtu | those:F.PL:NOM | ulli-āt-um, ull-ât-u; ammi-āt-um, amm-â-tu | DEM.DIST-F.PL-NOM |
| ulliātim, ullâti; ammiātim, ammâte | ulliātim, ullâti; ammiātim, ammâte | those:F.PL:GEN/ACC | ulli-āt-im, ull-ât-i; ammi-āt-im, amm-ât-e | DEM.DIST-F.PL-GEN/ACC |
Determinative/Relative pronoun
Full declination in OAKK only. Later ša is used in all cases.
For detailed information, see GAG §46.
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| šu | šu | DET/REL.M.SG.NOM | š:u | DET/REL.M.SG.NOM |
| ši | ši | DET/REL.M.SG:GEN | š:i | DET/REL.M.SG:GEN |
| ša | ša | DET/REL.M.SG:ACC | š:a | DET/REL.M.SG:ACC |
| šāt | šāt | DET/REL.F.SG.NOM/GEN/ACC | šāt | DET/REL.F.SG.NOM/GEN/ACC |
| šūt | šūt | DET/REL.PL.GEN | šūt | DET/REL.C.PL.GEN |
Interrrogative and indefinite pronouns
For further information, see GAG §47.
Indefinite pronouns are formed by reduplication of the interrogative and demonstrative pronouns, see GAG §48.
For more forms, see GAG §48.
Substantival and personal
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mannum, mannu | mannum, mannu | who:NOM | mann-um, mann-u | INDF.SUBST.ANIM NOM |
| mannim, manni | mannim, manni | whose:GEN | mann-im, mann-i | INDF.SUBST.ANIM GEN |
| mannam, manna | mannam, manna | whom:ACC | mann-am, mann-a | INDF.SUBST.ANIM-ACC |
Substantival and inpersonal
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mīnûm, mīnû; mīnum, mīnu | mīnûm, mīnû; mīnum, mīnu | what:NOM | mīn-ûm, mīn-û; mīn-um, mīn-u | INDF.SUBST.INANIM NOM |
| minim, mīnî; mīnim, mīni | minim, mīnî; mīnim, mīni | of_what:GEN | min-im, mīn-î; mīn-im, mīn-i | INDF.SUBST.INANIM-GEN |
| mīnâm, mīnâ; mīnam, mina | mīnâm, mīnâ; mīnam, mīna | what:ACC | mīn-âm, mīn-â; mīn-am, mīn-a | INDF.SUBST.INANIM-ACC |
Adjectival
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ajjum, ajju | ajjum, ajju | which.M.SG:NOM | ajj-um, ajj-u | which-(M)[SG]NOM |
| ajjim, ajji | ajjim, ajji | of_which.M.SG:GEN | ajj-im, ajj-i | which-(M)[SG]GEN |
| ajjam, ajja | ajjam, ajja | which.M.SG:ACC | ajj-am, ajj-a | which-(M)[SG]ACC |
| ajjītum, ajjītu | ajjītum, ajjītu | which:F.SG:NOM | ajj īt um, ajj-īt-u | which-F.SG-NOM |
| ajjītim, ajjīti | ajjītim, ajjīti | of_which:F.SG:GEN | ajj-īt-im, ajj-īt-i | which-F.SG-GEN |
| ajjītam, ajjīta | ajjītam, ajjīta | which:F.SG:ACC | ajj-īt-am, ajj-īt-a | which-F.SG-ACC |
| ajjūtum, ajjūtu | ajjūtum, ajjūtu | which:M.PL:NOM | ajj-ūt-um, ajj-ūt-u | which-M.PL-NOM |
| ajjūtim, ajjūti | ajjūtim, ajjūti | which:M.PL:GEN/ACC | ajj-ūt-im, ajj-ūt-i | which-M.PL-GEN/ACC |
| ajjātum, ajjātu | ajjātum, ajjātu | which:F.PL:NOM | ajj-āt-um, ajj-āt-u | which-F.PL-NOM |
| ajjātim, ajjāti | ajjātim, ajjāti | which:F.PL:GEN/ACC | ajj-āt-im, ajj-āt-i | which-F.PL-GEN/ACC |
Indefinite pronouns
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mamman | mamman | anybody | mam:man | anybody |
| mamma | mamma | anybody.PTCL | mam=ma | anybody=PTCL |
| mimma | mimma | anything.PTCL | mim=ma | anything=PTCL |
| ajjumma | ajjumma | any.M.SG:NOM.PTCL | ajj-um=ma | any-(M)[SG]NOM=PTCL |
| ajjamma | ajjamma | any.M.SG:ACC.PCTL | ajj-am=ma | any-(M)[SG]ACC=PTCL |
| ajjītumma | ajjītumma | any:F.SG:NOM.PCTL | ajjī-t-um=ma | any-F.SG-NOM=PTCL |
| ajjūtumma | ajjūtumma | any:M.PL:NOM.PCTL | ajj-ūt-um=ma | any-M.PL-NOM=PTCL |
| ajjātumma | ajjātumma | any:F.PL:NOM.PCTL | ajj-āt-um=ma | any-F.PL-NOM=PTCL |
| annanna | annanna | Nomen_nominandum | ann~anna | DEM.PROX~DEM.PROX |
| annannītum, annannītu | annannītum, annannītu | Nomen_nominandum:F.SG:NOM | ann~annī-t-um, annannītu | DEM.PROX~DEM.PROX-F.SG-NOM |
Nouns (OB, MB; OA, MA)
For further information, see GAG §§60—67.
Status rectus
Substantive
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| šarrum, šarru | šarrum, šarru | king.M.SG:NOM | šarr-um, šarr-u | king(M)[SG]-NOM |
| šarram, šarra | šarram, šarra | king.M.SG:ACC | šarram, šarra | king(M)[SG]-ACC |
| šarrim, šarri; šarre | šarrim, šarri; šarre | king.M.SG:GEN | šarrim, šarri; šarre | king(M)[SG]-GEN |
| šarrū | šarrū | king.M:NOM.PL | šarr-ū | king(M)-NOM.PL |
| šarrī; šarrē | šarrī; šarrē | king.M:GEN/ACC.PL | šarr-ī; šarr-ē | king(M)-GEN/ACC.PL |
| šarrānu | šarrānu | king.M:NOM.PL | šarr-ānu | king(M)-NOM.PL |
| šarrāni | šarrāni | king.M:GEN/ACC.PL | šarr-āni | king(M)-GEN/ACC.PL |
| šarrān | šarrān | king.M:NOM.DU | šarr-ān | king(M)-DU.NOM |
| šarrīn; šarrēn | šarrīn; šarrēn | king.M:GEN/ACC.DU | šarr-īn; šarr-ēn | king(M)-DU.GEN/ACC |
| ṣillum | ṣillum | shadow.M.SG:LOC | ṣill-um | shadow(M)[SG]-LOC |
| šarriš | šarriš | king.M.SG:TERM | šarr-iš | king(M)[SG]-TERM |
| šarratum, šarratu; šarrutum, šarrutu | šarratum, šarratu; šarrutum, šarrutu | queen:F.SG:NOM | šarr:at-um, šarr:at-u; šarr:ut um, šarr:ut u | queen:F.SG-NOM |
| šarratam, šarrata | šarratam, šarrata | queen:F.SG:ACC | šarr:at-am, šarr:at-a | queen:F.SG-ACC |
| šarratim, šarrati; šarritim, šarrete | šarratim, šarrati; šarritim, šarrete | queen:F.SG:GEN | šarr:at-im, šarr:at-i; šarr:it-im, šarr:et-e | queen:F.SG-GEN |
| šarrātum; šarrātu | šarrātum; šarrātu | queen:F.PL:NOM | šarr:āt-um; šarr:āt-u | queen:F.PL-NOM |
| bēlētum, bēlētu; bēlātum, bēlātu | bēlētum, bēlētu; bēlātum, bēlātu | lady:F.PL:NOM | bēl:ēt-um, bēl:ēt-u; bēl:āt-um, bēl:āt-u | lady:F.PL-NOM |
| šarrātim, šarrāti; šarrāte | šarrātim, šarrāti; šarrāte | queen:F.PL:GEN/ACC | šarr:āt-im, šarr:āt-i; šarr:āt-e | queen:F.PL-GEN/ACC |
| šarrātān | šarrātān | queen:F.PL:NOM.DU | šarr:āt-ān | queen:F.PL-DU.NOM |
| šarrātīn; šarrātēn | šarrātīn; šarrātēn | queen:F.PL:GEN/ACC.DU | šarr:āt-īn; šarr:āt-ēn | queen:F.PL-DU.GEN/ACC |
| šipirtum | šipirtum | message:F.SG:LOC | šipir:t-um | message:F.SG-LOC |
| šarrātiš | šarrātiš | queen:F.PL:TERM | šarr:āt-iš | queen:F.PL-TERM |
Adjective
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| damqum, damqu | damqum, damqu | good.M.SG:NOM | damq-um, damq-u | good(M)[SG]-NOM |
| damqam, damqa | damqam, damqa | good.M.SG:ACC | damq-am, damq-a | good(M)[SG]-ACC |
| damqim, damqi; damqe | damqim, damqi; damqe | good.M.SG:GEN | damq-im, damq-i; damq-e | good(M)[SG]-GEN |
| damqūtum, damqūtu | damqūtum, damqūtu | good:M.PL:NOM | damq-ūt-um, damq-ūt-u | good-M.PL-NOM |
| damqūti, damqūte | damqūti, damqūte | good:M.PL:GEN/ACC | damq-ūt-i, damq-ūt-e | good-M.PL-GEN/ACC |
| damiqtum, damiqtu | damiqtum, damiqtu | good:F.SG:NOM | damiqt-um, damiqt-u | good-F.SG-NOM |
| damiqtam, damiqta | damiqtam, damiqta | good-F.SG:ACC | damiq-t-am, damiq-t-a | good-F.SG-ACC |
| damiqtim, damiqti; damiqte | damiqtim, damiqti; damiqte | good:F.SG:GEN | damiq-t-im, damiq-t-i; damiq-t-e | good-F.SG-GEN |
| damqātum, damqātu | damqātum, damqātu | good:F.PL:NOM | damq-āt-um, damq-āt-u | good-F.PL-NOM |
| damqātim, damqāti; damqāte | damqātim, damqāti; damqāte | good:F.SG:GEN/ACC | damq-āt-im, damq-āt-i; damq-āt-e | good-F.SG-GEN/ACC |
Status constructus
For more information, see GAG §§64—65.
Status constructus with genitive (Status rectus bēlum, šarratum, abum, kunukkum, kalbum, šubtum, qīštum) = Status absolutus.
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bēl | bēl | lord.M.SG.STC | bēl | lord(M)[SG]\STC |
| šarrat | šarrat | queen:F.SG.STC | šarr:at | queen:F.SG\STC |
| abi | abi | father.M.SG.STC | ab-i | father(M)[SG]\STC-EPNTH |
| kunuk | kunuk | cylinder_seal.M.SG.STC | kunuk | cylinder_seal(M)[SG]\STC |
| kalab | kalab | dog.M.SG.STC | kalab | dog(M)[SG]\STC |
| šubat | šubat | residence:F.SG.STC | šub:at | residence:F.SG\STC |
| qīšti | qīšti | present:F.SG.STC | qīš:t-i | present:F.SG\STC-EPNTH |
| bēlū | bēlū | lords.M.STC:NOM.PL | bēl-ū | lord(M)\STC-NOM.PL |
| bēlī | bēlī | lords.M.STC:GEN/ACC.PL | bēl-ī | lords(M)\STC-GEN/ACC.PL |
| šarrāt | šarrāt | queens:F.PL.STC | šarr:āt | queen:F.PL\STC |
| bēlā | bēlā | lords.M.STC:DU | bēl-ā | lords(M)\STC-DU |
Status constructus nominative/accusative with suffix 1SG.
Plural only nominative.
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bēlī | bēlī | lord.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | bēl-ī | lord(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| šarratī | šarratī | queen:F.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | šarr:at-ī | queen:F.SG\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| abī | abī | father.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | ab-ī | father(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| kunukkī | kunukkī | cylinder_seal.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | kunukk-ī | cylinder_seal(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| kalbi | kalbī | dog.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | kalb-ī | dog(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| šubtī | šubtī | residence:F.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | šub:t-ī | residence:F.SG\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| qīštī | qīštī | present:F.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:1SG.POSS | qīš:t-ī | present:F.SG\STC.NOM/ACC-1SG.POSS |
| bēlū’a | bēlū’a | lords.M.STC:NOM.PL:1SG.POSS | bēl-ū-’a | lords(M)\STC-NOM.PL-1SG.POSS |
| šarrātū’a | šarrātū’a | queens:F.PL.STC:NOM.PL:1SG.POSS | šarr:āt-ū-’a | queens:F.PL\STC-NOM.PL-1SG.POSS |
| bēlāja, bēlā’a |
bēlā, bēlā’a | lords.M.STC:NOM.DU:1SG.POSS | bēl-ā-ja, bēl-ā-’a | lords(M)\STC-DU.NOM-1SG.POSS |
Status constructus nominative/accusative with suffixes of other persons.
Plural only nominative
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bēlka | bēlka | lord.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | bēl-ka | lord(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| šarratka | šarratka | queen:F.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | šarr:at-ka | queen:F.SG\STC.NOM/ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| abūka abāka |
abūka abāka |
father.M.SG.STC:NOM:2SG.M.POSS father.M.SG.STC:ACC:2SG.M.POSS |
ab-ū-ka ab-ā-ka |
father(M)[SG]\STC-NOM-2SG.M.POSS father(M)[SG]\STC-ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| kunukkaka | kunukkaka | cylinder_seal.M.SG.STC:EPNTH.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | kunukk-a-ka | cylinder_seal(M)[SG]\STC-EPNTH.NOM/ACC -2SG.M.POSS |
| kalabka | kalabka | dog.M.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | kalab-ka | dog(M)[SG]\STC.NOM/ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| šubatka | šubatka | residence:F.SG.STC.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | šub:at-ka | residence-F.SG\STC.NOM/ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| qīštaka | qīštaka | present:F.SG.STC:EPNTH.NOM/ACC:2SG.M.POSS | qīš:t-a-ka | present:F.SG\STC-EPNTH.NOM/ACC-2SG.M.POSS |
| bēlūka | bēlūka | lords.M.STC:NOM.PL:2SG.M.POSS | bēl-ū-ka | lords(M)\STC-NOM.PL-2SG.M.POSS |
| šarrātūka | šarrātūka | queens:F.PL.STC:NOM.PL:2SG.M.POSS | šarr:āt-ū-ka | queens:F.PL\STC-NOM.PL-2SG.M.POSS |
| bēlāka | bēlāka | lords.M.STC:NOM.DU:2SG.M.POSS | bēl-ā-ka | lords(M)\STC-DU.NOM-2SG.M.POSS |
Status constructus genitive with suffixes of all persons.
Plural oblique.
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bēlija | bēlija | lord.M.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | bēl-i-ja | lord(M)[SG]\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| šarratija | šarratija | queen:F.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | šarr:at-i-ja | queen:F.SG\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| abīja | abīja | father.M.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | ab-ī-ja | father(M)[SG]\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| kunukkija | kunukkija | cylinder_seal.M.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | kunukk-i-ja | cylinder_seal(M)[SG]\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| kalbija | kalbija | dog.M.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | kalb-i-ja | dog(M)[SG]\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| šubtija | šubtija | residence:F.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | šub:t-i-ja | residence:F.SG\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| qīštija | qīštija | present:F.SG.STC:GEN:1SG.POSS | qīš:t-i-ja | present:F.SG\STC-GEN-1SG.POSS |
| bēlīja | bēlīja | lords.M.STC:GEN/ACC.PL:1SG.POSS | bēl-ī-ja | lords(M)\STC-GEN/ACC.PL-1SG.POSS |
| šarrātīja | šarrātīja | queens:F.PL.STC:GEN/ACC.PL:1SG.POSS | šarr:āt-ī-ja | queens:F.PL\STC-GEN/ACC.PL-1SG.POSS |
| bēlīja | bēlīja | lords.M.STC:GEN/ACC.DU:1SG.POSS | bēl-ī-ja | lords(M)\STC-DU.GEN/ACC-1SG.POSS |
Nouns and Verbs
Stative (B;A)
In OA and seldom archaic in OB, the 2SG form is a communis form -āti.
Dual forms only in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A. Dual forms = 3PL.F.
For further information, see GAG §§75 a-c, 77, 87 l.
zikarum ‘man’, bēlum ‘lord’, parāsum ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| zikarāku | zikarāku | man.STAT:1SG | zikar-āku | man\STAT-1SG.C |
| zikarāta | zikarāta | man.STAT:2SG.M | zikar-āt:a | man\STAT-2SG:M |
| zikarāti | zikarāti | man.STAT:2SG.F | zikar-āt:i | man\STAT-2SG:F |
| zikar | zikar | man.STAT.3SG.M | zikar | man\STAT(3SG.M) |
| zikarat | zikarat | man.STAT:3SG.F | zikar-at | man\STAT-3SG.F |
| zikarānu; zikarāni | zikarānu; zikarāni | man.STAT:1PL man.STAT:1PL |
zikar-ānu; zikar-āni | man\STAT-1PL.C man\STAT-1PL.C |
| zikarātunu | zikarātunu | man.STAT:2PL.M | zikar-ātunu | man\STAT-2PL.M |
| zikarātina | zikarātina | man.STAT:2PL.F | zikar-ātina | man\STAT-2PL.F |
| zikarū | zikarū | man.STAT:3PL.M | zikar-ū | man\STAT-3PL.M |
| zikarā | zikarā | man.STAT:3PL.F | zikar-ā | man\STAT-3PL.F |
| bēlēku | bēlēku | lord.STAT:1SG | bēl-ēku | lord\STAT-1SG.C |
| bēlēta; bēlāti | bēlēta; bēlāti |
lord.STAT:2SG.M lord.STAT:2SG |
bēl-ēt:a; bēl-āt:i |
lord\STAT-2SG:M lord\STAT-2SG:C |
| bēlēti | bēlēti | lord.STAT:2SG.F | bēl-ēt:i | lord\STAT-2SG:F |
| bēl | bēl | lord.STAT.3SG.M | bēl | lord\STAT(3SG.M) |
| bēlēt; bēlāt | bēlēt; bēlāt | lord.STAT:3SG.F | bēl-ēt; bēl-āt | lord\STAT-3SG.F |
| bēlēnu; bēlāni | bēlēnu; bēlāni | lord.STAT:1PL | bēl-ēnu; bēl-āni | lord\STAT-1PL.C |
| bēlētunu; bēlātunu | bēlētunu; bēlātunu | lord.STAT:2PL.M | bēl-ētunu; bēl-ātunu | lord\STAT-2PL.M |
| bēlētina; bēlātina | bēlētina; bēlātina | lord.STAT:2PL.F | bēl-ētina; bēl-ātina | lord\STAT-2PL.F |
| bēlū | bēlū | lord.STAT:3PL.M | bēl-ū | lord\STAT-3PL.M |
| bēlā | bēlā | lord.STAT:3PL.F | bēl-ā | lord\STAT-3PL.F |
| parsāku | parsāku | cut.STAT:1SG | pars-āku | cut\STAT-1SG.C |
| parsāta | parsāta | cut.STAT:2SG.M | pars-āt:a | cut\STAT-2SG:M |
| parsāti | parsāti | cut.STAT:2SG.F | pars-āt:i | cut\STAT-2SG:F |
| paris | paris | cut.STAT.3SG.M | paris | cut\STAT(3SG.M) |
| parsat | parsat | cut.STAT:3SG.F | pars-at | cut\STAT-3SG.F |
| parsānu; parsāni | parsānu; parsāni | cut.STAT:1PL | pars-ānu; pars-āni | cut\STAT-1PL.C |
| parsātunu | parsātunu | cut.STAT:2PL.M | pars-ātunu | cut\STAT-2PL.M |
| parsātina | parsātina | cut.STAT:2PL.F | pars-ātina | cut\STAT-2PL.F |
| parsū | parsū | cut.STAT:3PL.M | pars-ū | cut\STAT-3PL.M |
| parsā | parsā | cut.STAT:3PL.F | pars-ā | cut\STAT-3PL.F |
Verbs
Present tense G (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 87.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aparras | aparras | 1SG:cut.G.PRS | a-parras | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRS |
| taparras | taparras | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRS | ta-parras | 2SG.M- cut\G.PRS |
| taparrasī | taparrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRS:2SG.F1 | ta-parras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| iparras | iparras | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRS | iparras | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRS |
| taparras | taparras | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRS | ta-parras | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRS |
| niparras | niparras | 1PL:cut.G.PRS | ni-parras | 1PL.C-cut\G.PRS |
| taparrasā | taparrasā | 2PL1:cut.G.PRS:2PL1 | ta-parras-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRS-2PL.C1 |
| iparrasū | iparrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRS:3PL.M1 | i-parras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| iparrasā | iparrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRS:3PL.F1 | i-parras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Perfect tense G
For further information, see GAG §§75, 80, 87.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual only in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aptaras | aptaras | 1SG:cut.G.PRF | a-ptaras | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRF |
| taptaras | taptaras | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRF | ta-ptaras | 2SG.M-cut\G.PRF |
| taptarsī | taptarsī | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRF:2SG.F1 | ta-ptars-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRF-2SG.F1 |
| iptaras | iptaras | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRF | i-ptaras | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRF |
| taptaras | taptaras | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRF | ta-ptaras | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRF |
| niptaras | niptaras | 1PL:cut.G.PRF | ni-ptaras | 1PL.C-cut\G.PRF |
| taptarsā | taptarsā | 2PL1:cut.G.PRF:2PL1 | ta-ptars-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRF-2PL.C1 |
| iptarsū | iptarsū | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRF:3PL.M1 | i-ptars-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRF-3PL.M1 |
| iptarsā | iptarsā | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRF:3PL.F1 | i-ptars-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRF-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense G
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 87.
3SG.F predominantly OAKK and A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual forms = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aprus | aprus | 1SG:cut.G.PRT | a-prus | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRT |
| taprus | taprus | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRT | ta-prus | 2SG.M- cut\G.PRT |
| taprusī | taprusī | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRT:2SG.F1 | ta-prus-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| iprus | iprus | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRT | i-prus | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRT |
| taprus | taprus | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRT | ta-prus | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRT |
| niprus | niprus | 1PL:cut.G.PRT | ni-prus | 1PL.C-cut\G.PRT |
| taprusā | taprusā | 2PL1:cut.G.PRT:2PL1 | ta-prus-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRT-2PL.C1 |
| iprusū | iprusū | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.M1 | i-prus-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| iprusā | iprusā | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.F1 | i-prus-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Imperative, precative
1C.PL in older A only.
Vetitive (aj + PRT), prohibitive (lā + PRS), verbal adjective, participle, infinitve, stative G (B;A).
For further information, see GAG §§75 j, 77, 81, 85,87 e/f.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| purus | purus | cut.IMP.M.SG | purus | cut\IMP-M.SG |
| pursī | pursī | cut:IMP.SG.F | purs-ī | cut\IMP-F.SG |
| pursā | pursā | cut:IMP.PL | purs-ā | cut\IMP-C.PL |
| luprus; laprus | luprus; laprus | PRC.1C.SG:cut.G.PRT | lu-prus; la-prus | PRC.1.C.SG-cut\G.PRT |
| liprus | liprus | PRC.3SG.M-cut.G.PRT | li-prus | PRC.3SG.M-cut\G.PRT |
| -; lū taprus | -; lū taprus | PRC 3SG.F:cut.G.PRT | -; lū taprus | PRC 3SG.F-cut\G.PRT |
| i niprus; lū niprus |
i niprus; lū niprus |
PRC 1C.PL:cut.G.PRT PRC 1C.PL:cut.G.PRT |
i ni-prus; lū ni-prus |
PRC 1C.PL-cut\G.PRT PRC 1C.PL-cut\G.PRT |
| liprusū | liprusū | PRC.3PL.M1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.M1 | li-prus-ū | PRC.3PL.M1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| liprusā | liprusā | PRC.3PL.F1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.F1 | li-prus-ā | PRC.3PL.F1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.F1 |
| aj iprus | aj iprus | VET 3SG.M:cut.G.PRT | aj i-prus | VET 3SG.M-cut\G.PRT |
| lā iparras | lā iparras | NEG 3SG.M:cut.G.PRS | lā i-parras | NEG 3SG.M-cut\G.PRS |
| parsum, parsu | parsum, parsu | cut.ADJ | parsum, parsu | cut\ADJ |
| pārisum, pārisu | pārisum, pārisu | cut.PTCP | pārisum, pārisu | cut\PTCP |
| parāsum, parāsu | parāsum, parāsu | cut.INF | parāsum, parāsu | cut\INF |
| paris | paris | cut.STAT.3SG.M | paris | cut\STAT(3SG.M) |
Subordinative (B;A)
For further information, see GAG §83.
3SG.M is communis in B.
u = B, -(ū)ni = A.
Forms with a vocalic ending don’t show any subordinative marker in B. In these cases, only the Assyrian form is given.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’ (example with Preterit G stem) (B; A).
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aprusu; aprusūni | aprusu; aprusūni | 1SG:cut.G.PRT:SBRD | a-prus-u; aprus-ūni | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRT-SBRD |
| taprusu; taprusūni | taprusu; taprusūni | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRT:SBRD | ta-prus-u; taprus-ūni | 2SG.M- cut\G.PRT-SBRD |
| taprusīni | taprusīni | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRT:2SG.F1:SBRD | taprusīni | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRT-2SG.F1-SBRD |
| iprusu; iprusūni | iprusu; iprusūni | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRT:SBRD | i-prus-u; iprus-ūni | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRT-SBRD |
| taprusu; taprusūni | taprusu; taprusūni | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRT:SBRD | ta-prus-u; taprus-ūni | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRT-SBRD |
| niprusu; niprusūni | niprusu; niprusūni | 1PL:cut.G.PRT:SBRD | ni-prus-u; niprus-ūni | 1PL.C-cut\G.PRT-SBRD |
| taprusāni | taprusāni | 2PL1:cut.G.PRT:2PL1:SBRD | taprusā-ni | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRT-2PL.C1-SBRD |
| iprusūni | iprusūni | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.M1:SBRD | iprus-ūni | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.M1-SBRD |
| iprusāni | iprusāni | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.F1:SBRD | iprusā-ni | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.F1:SBRD |
Ventive (OAKK and B)
For further information, see GAG §82.
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual form in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
2SG.F indicative form = ventive form after the mimation is dropped off (In these cases, only the form with mimation is given).
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’ (example with Preterit G stem)
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aprusam, aprusa | aprusam, aprusa | 1SG:cut.G.PRT:VENT | a-prus-am, a-prus-a | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRT-VENT |
| taprusam, taprusa | taprusam, taprusa | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRT:VENT | ta-prus-am, ta-prus-a | 2SG.M- cut\G.PRT-VENT |
| taprusīm | taprusīm | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRT:2SG.F1:VENT | ta-prus-ī-m | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRT-2SG.F1-VENT |
| iprusam, iprusa | iprusam, iprusa | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRT:VENT | i-prus-am, i-prus-a | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRT-VENT |
| taprusam, taprusa | taprusam, taprusa | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRT:VENT | ta-prus-am, ta-prus-a | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRT-VENT |
| niprusam, niprusa |
niprusam, niprusa |
1PL:cut.G.PRT:VENT | ni-prus-am, ni-prus-a |
1PL.C-cut\G.PRT-VENT |
| taprusānim, taprusāni | taprusānim, taprusāni | 2PL1:cut.G.PRT:2PL1:VENT | ta-prus-ā-nim, ta-prus-ā-ni | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRT-2PL.C1-VENT |
| iprusūnim, iprusūni | iprusūnim, iprusūni | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.M1:VENT | i-prus-ū-nim, i-prus-ū-ni | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.M1-VENT |
| iprusānim, iprusāni | iprusānim, iprusāni | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.F1:VENT | i-prus-ā-nim, i-prus-ā-ni | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.F1-VENT |
Assyrian subordinative of the ventive
For further information, see GAG §82.
- -am-ni, *nim-ni > -anni, -ninni.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’ (example with Preterit G stem)
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aprusanni | aprusanni | 1SG:cut.G.PRT:VENT:SBRD | a-prus-an-ni | 1SG.C-cut\G.PRT-VENT-SBRD |
| taprusanni | taprusanni | 2SG.M:cut.G.PRT:VENT:SBRD | ta-prus-an-ni | 2SG.M- cut\G.PRT-VENT-SBRD |
| taprusīnni | taprusīnni | 2SG.F1:cut.G.PRT:2SG.F1:VENT:SBRD | ta-prus-ī-n-ni | 2SG.F1-cut\G.PRT-2SG.F1-VENT-SBRD |
| iprusanni | iprusanni | 3SG.M:cut.G.PRT:VENT:SBRD | i-prus-an-ni | 3SG.M-cut\G.PRT-VENT-SBRD |
| taprusanni | taprusanni | 3SG.F:cut.G.PRT:VENT:SBRD | ta-prus-an-ni | 3SG.F-cut\G.PRT-VENT-SBRD |
| niprusanni | niprusanni | 1PL:cut.G.PRT:VENT:SBRD | ni-prus-an-ni | 1PL.C-cut\G.PRT-VENT-SBRD |
| taprusāninni | taprusāninni | 2PL1:cut.G.PRT:2PL1:VENT:SBRD | ta-prus-ā-nin-ni | 2PL.C1-cut\G.PRT-2PL.C1-VENT-SBRD |
| iprusūninni | iprusūninni | 3PL.M1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.M1:VENT:SBRD | i-prus-ū-nin-ni | 3PL.M1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.M1-VENT-SBRD |
| iprusāninni | iprusāninni | 3PL.F1:cut.G.PRT:3PL.F1:VENT:SBRD | i-prus-ā-nin-ni | 3PL.F1-cut\G.PRT-3PL.F1-VENT-SBRD |
Present tense Gt (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 92.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual forms = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aptarras | aptarras | 1SG:cut.GT.PRS | a-ptarras | 1SG.C-cut\GT.PRS |
| taptarras | taptarras | 2SG.M:cut.GT.PRS | ta-ptarras | 2SG.M- cut\GT.PRS |
| taptarrasī | taptarrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.GT.PRS:2SG.F1 | ta-ptarras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\GT.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| iptarras | iptarras | 3SG.M:cut.GT.PRS | iptarras | 3SG.M-cut\GT.PRS |
| taptarras | taptarras | 3SG.F:cut.GT.PRS | ta-ptarras | 3SG.F-cut\GT.PRS |
| niptarras | niptarras | 1PL:cut.GT.PRS | ni-ptarras | 1PL.C-cut\GT.PRS |
| taptarrasā | taptarrasā | 2PL1:cut.GT.PRS:2PL1 | ta-ptarras-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\GT.PRS-2PL.C1 |
| iptarrasū | iptarrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.GT.PRS:3PL.M1 | i-ptarras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\GT.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| iptarrasā | iptarrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.GT.PRS:3PL.F1 | i-ptarras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\GT.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense Gt = perfect tense G
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 80, 88, 93.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aptaras | aptaras | 1SG:cut.GT.PRT | a-ptaras | 1SG.C-cut\GT.PRT |
| taptaras | taptaras | 2SG.M:cut.GT.PRT | ta-ptaras | 2SG.M-cut\GT.PRT |
| taptarsī | taptarsī | 2SG.F1:cut.GT.PRT:2SG.F1 | ta-ptars-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\GT.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| iptaras | iptaras | 3SG.M:cut.GT.PRT | i-ptaras | 3SG.M-cut\GT.PRT |
| taptaras | taptaras | 3SG.F:cut.GT.PRT | ta-ptaras | 3SG.F-cut\GT.PRT |
| niptaras | niptaras | 1PL:cut.GT.PRT | ni-ptaras | 1PL.C-cut\GT.PRT |
| taptarsā | taptarsā | 2PL1:cut.GT.PRT:2PL1 | ta-ptars-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\GT.PRT-2PL.C1 |
| iptarsū | iptarsū | 3PL.M1:cut.GT.PRT:3PL.M1 | i-ptars-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\GT.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| iptarsā | iptarsā | 3PL.F1:cut.GT.PRT:3PL.F1 | i-ptars-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\GT.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Present tense D (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 88.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uparras | uparras | 1SG:cut.D.PRS | u-parras | 1SG-cut\D.PRS |
| tuparras | tuparras | 2SG.M:cut.D.PRS | tu-parras | 2SG.M-cut\D.PRS |
| tuparrasī | tuparrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.D.PRS:2SG.F1 | tu-parras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\D.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| uparras | uparras | 3SG.M:cut.D.PRS | u-parras | 3SG.M-cut\D.PRS |
| tuparras | tuparras | 3SG.F:cut.D.PRS | tu-parras | 3SG.F-cut\D.PRS |
| nuparras | nuparras | 1PL:cut.D.PRS | nu-parras | 1PL-cut\D.PRS |
| tuparrasā | tuparrasā | 2PL1:cut.D.PRS:2PL1 | tu-parras-ā | 2PL1-cut\D.PRS-2PL1 |
| uparrasū | uparrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.D.PRS:3PL.M1 | u-parras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\D.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| uparrasā | uparrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.D.PRS:3PL.F1 | u-parras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\D.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense D
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 88.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uparris | uparris | 1SG:cut.D.PRT | u-parris | 1SG-cut\D.PRT |
| tuparris | tuparris | 2SG.M:cut.D.PRT | tu-parris | 2SG.M-cut\D.PRT |
| tuparrisī | tuparrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.D.PRT:2SG.F1 | tu-parris-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\D.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| uparris | uparris | 3SG.M:cut.D.PRT | u-parris | 3SG.M-cut\D.PRT |
| tuparris | tuparris | 3SG.F:cut.D.PRT | tu-parris | 3SG.F-cut\D.PRT |
| nuparris | nuparris | 1PL:cut.D.PRT | nu-parris | 1PL-cut\D.PRT |
| tuparrisā | tuparrisā | 2PL1:cut.D.PRT:2PL1 | tu-parris-ā | 2PL1-cut\D.PRT-2PL1 |
| uparrisū | uparrisū | 3PL.M1:cut.D.PRT:3PL.M1 | u-parris-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\D.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| uparrisā | uparrisā | 3PL.F1:cut.D.PRT:3PL.F1 | u-parris-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\D.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Present tense Dt (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 93.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uptarras | uptarras | 1SG:cut.DT.PRS | u-ptarras | 1SG-cut\DT.PRS |
| tuptarras | tuptarras | 2SG.M:cut.DT.PRS | tu-ptarras | 2SG.M-cut\DT.PRS |
| tuptarrasī | tuptarrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.DT.PRS:2SG.F1 | tu-ptarras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\DT.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| uptarras | uptarras | 3SG.M:cut.DT.PRS | u-ptarras | 3SG.M-cut\DT.PRS |
| tuptarras | tuptarras | 3SG.F:cut.DT.PRS | tu-ptarras | 3SG.F-cut\DT.PRS |
| nuptarras | nuptarras | 1PL:cut.DT.PRS | nu-ptarras | 1PL-cut\DT.PRS |
| tuptarrasā | tuptarrasā | 2PL1:cut.DT.PRS:2PL1 | tu-ptarras-ā | 2PL1-cut\DT.PRS-2PL1 |
| uptarrasū | uptarrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.DT.PRS:3PL.M1 | u-ptarras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\DT.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| uptarrasā | uptarrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.DT.PRS:3PL.F1 | u-ptarras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\DT.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense Dt = perfect tense D
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 80, 88, 93.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uptarris | uptarris | 1SG:cut.DT.PRT | u-ptarris | 1SG-cut\DT.PRT |
| tuptarris | tuptarris | 2SG.M:cut.DT.PRT | tu-ptarris | 2SG.M-cut\DT.PRT |
| tuptarrisī | tuptarrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.DT.PRT:2SG.F1 | tu-ptarris-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\DT.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| uptarris | uptarris | 3SG.M:cut.DT.PRT | u-ptarris | 3SG.M-cut\DT.PRT |
| tuptarris | tuptarris | 3SG.F:cut.DT.PRT | tu-ptarris | 3SG.F-cut\DT.PRT |
| nuptarris | nuptarris | 1PL:cut.DT.PRT | nu-ptarris | 1PL-cut\DT.PRT |
| tuptarrisā | tuptarrisā | 2PL1:cut.DT.PRT:2PL1 | tu-ptarris-ā | 2PL1-cut\DT.PRT-2PL1 |
| uptarrisū | uptarrisū | 3PL.M1:cut.DT.PRT:3PL.M1 | u-ptarris-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\DT.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| uptarrisā | uptarrisā | 3PL.F1:cut.DT.PRT:3PL.F1 | u-ptarris-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\DT.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Present tense Š (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 89.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ušapras | ušapras | 1SG:cut.S.PRS | u-šapras | 1SG-cut\S.PRS |
| tušapras | tušapras | 2SG.M:cut.S.PRS | tu-šapras | 2SG.M-cut\S.PRS |
| tušaprasī | tušaprasī | 2SG.F1:cut.S.PRS:2SG.F1 | tu-šapras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\S.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| ušapras | ušapras | 3SG.M:cut.S.PRS | u-šapras | 3SG.M-cut\S.PRS |
| tušapras | tušapras | 3SG.F:cut.S.PRS | tu-šapras | 3SG.F-cut\S.PRS |
| nušapras | nušapras | 1PL:cut.S.PRS | nu-šapras | 1PL-cut\S.PRS |
| tušaprasā | tušaprasā | 2PL1:cut.S.PRS:2PL1 | tu-šapras-ā | 2PL1-cut\S.PRS-2PL1 |
| ušaprasū | ušaprasū | 3PL.M1:cut.S.PRS:3PL.M1 | u-šapras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\S.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| ušaprasā | ušaprasā | 3PL.F1:cut.S.PRS:3PL.F1 | u-šapras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\S.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense Š
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 89.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ušapris | ušapris | 1SG:cut.S.PRT | u-šapris | 1SG-cut\S.PRT |
| tušapris | tušapris | 2SG.M:cut.S.PRT | tu-šapris | 2SG.M-cut\S.PRT |
| tušaprisī | tušaprisī | 2SG.F1:cut.S.PRT:2SG.F1 | tu-šapris-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\S.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| ušapris | ušapris | 3SG.M:cut.S.PRT | u-šapris | 3SG.M-cut\S.PRT |
| tušapris | tušapris | 3SG.F:cut.S.PRT | tu-šapris | 3SG.F-cut\S.PRT |
| nušapris | nušapris | 1PL:cut.S.PRT | nu-šapris | 1PL-cut\S.PRT |
| tušaprisā | tušaprisā | 2PL1:cut.S.PRT:2PL1 | tu-šapris-ā | 2PL1-cut\S.PRT-2PL1 |
| ušaprisū | ušaprisū | 3PL.M1:cut.S.PRT:3PL.M1 | u-šapris-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\S.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| ušaprisā | ušaprisā | 3PL.F1:cut.S.PRT:3PL.F1 | u-šapris-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\S.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Present tense Št1 und Št2 (Babylonian)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 94.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uštapras; uštaparras | uštapras; uštaparras | 1SG:cut.ST.PRS | u-štapras; u-štaparras | 1SG-cut\ST.PRS |
| tuštapras; tuštaparras | tuštapras; tuštaparras | 2SG.M:cut.ST.PRS | tu-štapras; tu-štaparras | 2SG.M-cut\ST.PRS |
| tuštaprasī; tuštaparrasī | tuštaprasī; tuštaparrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.ST.PRS:2SG.F1 | tu-štapras-ī; tu-štaparras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\ST.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| uštapras; uštaparras | uštapras; uštaparras | 3SG.M:cut.ST.PRS | u-štapras; u-štaparras | 3SG.M-cut\ST.PRS |
| tuštapras; tuštaparras | tuštapras; tuštaparras | 3SG.F:cut.ST.PRS | tu-štapras; tu-štaparras | 3SG.F-cut\ST.PRS |
| nuštapras; nuštaparras | nuštapras; nuštaparras | 1PL:cut.ST.PRS | nu-štapras; nu-štaparras | 1PL-cut\ST.PRS |
| tuštaprasā; tuštaparrasā | tuštaprasā; tuštaparrasā | 2PL1:cut.ST.PRS:2PL1 | tu-štapras-ā; tu-štaparras-ā | 2PL1-cut\ST.PRS-2PL1 |
| uštaprasū; uštaparrasū | uštaprasū; uštaparrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.ST.PRS:3PL.M1 | u-štapras-ū; u-štaparras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\ST.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| uštaprasā; uštaparrasā | uštaprasā; uštaparrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.ST.PRS:3PL.F1 | u-štapras-ā; u-štaparras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\ST.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense Št = perfect tense Š
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 80, 89, 94.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| uštapris | uštapris | 1SG:cut.ST.PRT | u-štapris | 1SG-cut\ST.PRT |
| tuštapris | tuštapris | 2SG.M:cut.ST.PRT | tu-štapris | 2SG.M-cut\ST.PRT |
| tuštaprisī | tuštaprisī | 2SG.F1:cut.ST.PRT:2SG.F1 | tu-štapris-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\ST.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| uštapris | uštapris | 3SG.M:cut.ST.PRT | u-štapris | 3SG.M-cut\ST.PRT |
| tuštapris | tuštapris | 3SG.F:cut.ST.PRT | tu-štapris | 3SG.F-cut\ST.PRT |
| nuštapris | nuštapris | 1PL:cut.ST.PRT | nu-štapris | 1PL-cut\ST.PRT |
| tuštaprisā | tuštaprisā | 2PL1:cut.ST.PRT:2PL1 | tu-štapris-ā | 2PL1-cut\ST.PRT-2PL1 |
| uštaprisū | uštaprisū | 3PL.M1:cut.ST.PRT:3PL.M1 | u-štapris-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\ST.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| uštaprisā | uštaprisā | 3PL.F1:cut.ST.PRT:3PL.F1 | u-štapris-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\ST.PRT-3PL.F1 |
Present tense N (Babylonian) (np > pp)
For the Assyrian vocal harmony, see GAG §10e.
For further information, see GAG §§75, 78, 90.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apparras | apparras | 1SG:cut.N.PRS | a-pparras | 1SG.C-cut\N.PRS |
| tapparras | tapparras | 2SG.M:cut.N.PRS | ta-pparras | 2SG.M- cut\N.PRS |
| tapparrasī | tapparrasī | 2SG.F1:cut.N.PRS:2SG.F1 | ta-pparras-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\N.PRS-2SG.F1 |
| ipparras | ipparras | 3SG.M:cut.N.PRS | ipparras | 3SG.M-cut\N.PRS |
| tapparras | tapparras | 3SG.F:cut.N.PRS | ta-pparras | 3SG.F-cut\N.PRS |
| nipparras | nipparras | 1PL:cut.N.PRS | ni-pparras | 1PL.C-cut\N.PRS |
| tapparrasā | tapparrasā | 2PL1:cut.N.PRS:2PL1 | ta-pparras-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\N.PRS-2PL.C1 |
| ipparrasū | ipparrasū | 3PL.M1:cut.N.PRS:3PL.M1 | i-pparras-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\N.PRS-3PL.M1 |
| ipparrasā | ipparrasā | 3PL.F1:cut.N.PRS:3PL.F1 | i-pparras-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\N.PRS-3PL.F1 |
Preterit tense N (np > pp)
For further information, see GAG §§75, 79, 90.
3SG.F predominantly in OAKK and in A (see GAG §75 h).
3SG.M is communis in B.
Dual forms in OAKK and seldom in archaic B and A only. Dual form = 3PL.F.
parāsum (a/u) ‘to cut’
| Traditional | Advanced | Expert | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| apparis | apparis | 1SG:cut.N.PRT | a-pparis | 1SG.C-cut\N.PRT |
| tapparis | tapparis | 2SG.M:cut.N.PRT | ta-pparis | 2SG.M-cut\N.PRT |
| tapparsī | tapparsī | 2SG.F1:cut.N.PRT:2SG.F1 | ta-ppars-ī | 2SG.F1-cut\N.PRT-2SG.F1 |
| ipparis | ipparis | 3SG.M:cut.N.PRT | i-pparis | 3SG.M-cut\N.PRT |
| tapparis | tapparis | 3SG.F:cut.N.PRT | ta-pparis | 3SG.F-cut\N.PRT |
| nipparis | nipparis | 1PL:cut.N.PRT | ni-pparis | 1PL.C-cut\N.PRT |
| tapparsā | tapparsā | 2PL1:cut.N.PRT:2PL1 | ta-ppars-ā | 2PL.C1-cut\N.PRT-2PL.C1 |
| ipparsū | ipparsū | 3PL.M1:cut.N.PRT:3PL.M1 | i-ppars-ū | 3PL.M1-cut\N.PRT-3PL.M1 |
| ipparsā | ipparsā | 3PL.F1:cut.N.PRT:3PL.F1 | i-ppars-ā | 3PL.F1-cut\N.PRT-3PL.F1 |
References
Bibliography
- GAG = Von Soden, Wolfram (1995) Grundriß der Akkadischen Grammatik, Analecta Orientalia 33, 3rd, rev. ed., Rom: Pontificio Istituto Biblico, ISBN 88-7653-258-7