Akkadian:Glossing recommendations
From Glossing Ancient Languages
Extra Glossing transcription line
Traditional scholarly transliteration as well as bound transcription of Akkadian Cuneiform uses punctuation, too. This punctuation is in conflict with the punctuation as defined by the Glossing Rules.
Compare the following table:
| Puctuation | Meaning in scholarly transliterations of Akkadian |
Meaning in scholarly bound transcription of Akkadian |
Meaning in Glossing transcription line |
Meaning in Glossing line |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Separates sumerograms | — | Portmanteau morpheme | |
| - | Seperates phonograms | Clitic | Affix | |
| = | — | Clitic | ||
| ( ) | — | Non-overt phonemes, scholarly reconstruction |
— | Inherent category |
| [ ] | Completely destroyed text (lacuna), potentially with reconstructed content |
— | ‘Zero’ morpheme | |
| ⌈ ⌉ | Partially destroyed text, usually with reconstructed content |
— | ||
| { } | Emendation of a scribal error (deletion) | — | ||
| < > | Emendation of a scribal error (addition) | Infix | ||
| ~ | — | Reduplication morpheme | ||
| \ | — | — | Transfix | |
| _ | — | Fixed phrase | Fixed phrase | |
| \ | — | — | Ablaut phenomenon | |
| / | (Options) | — | Ambigous morpheme | |
In order to prevent any confusion, it is strongly advisable or, as far as “-” and “< >” are concerned, even mandatory not to use these symbols in their traditional meaning in the Glossing transcription line (directly above the Glossing line). Keep in mind that the number and sequence of “-”, “=”, “~”, and “< >” in the Glossing transcription and the gloss needs to match exactly.
- Problematic examples
| Transliteration | LÚ.ENGARMEŠ | ù | LÚ.MEŠ[sé]-ki-ri | ša | ÍD.DA | aṭ-ru-<dam>-ma |
| Glosses | field_worker(M)-ACC.PL | and | block\PTCP-ACC.PL | of | canal(M)-M.GEN | 1SG-send\PST-VENT-SP |
| Bound transcription | ikkar(ī) | u | [sé]kirī | ša | nār(im) | aṭru<dam>-ma |
| Glosses | field_worker(M)-ACC.PL | and | block\PTCP-ACC.PL | of | canal(M)-M.GEN | 1SG-send\PST-VENT=SP |
Consequently, the encoder needs to add an extra ‘Glossing transcription line’ between the traditional Transliteration line (or traditional Bound transcription line) and the Glossing line.
- Examples
| Transliteration | LÚ.ENGARMEŠ | ù | LÚ.MEŠ[sé]-ki-ri | ša | ÍD.DA | aṭ-ru-<dam>-ma |
| Glossing transcription | ikkar-ī | u | sēkir-ī | ša | nār-im | a-ṭrud-am=ma |
| Glosses | field_worker(M)-ACC.PL | and | block\PTCP-ACC.PL | of | canal(M)-M.GEN | 1SG-send\PST-VENT=SP |
| Bound transcription | ikkar(ī) | u | [sē]kirī | ša | nār(im) | aṭru<dam>-ma |
| Glossing transcription | ikkar-ī | u | sēkir-ī | ša | nār-im | a-ṭrud-am=ma |
| Glosses | field_worker(M)-ACC.PL | and | block\PTCP-ACC.PL | of | canal(M)-M.GEN | 1SG-send\PST-VENT=SP |
In the Glossing transcription line, all symbols need to be used according to the Glossing Rules. In the Traditional transliteration line, however, the encoder may use all the symbols according to his/her scholarly tradition.
Hands-on transcription transformation guidelines
To derive a valid Glossing transcription line from a traditional transliteration or transcription line, the follwoing hand-on rules may help.
Compare the following table:
| Traditional transliteration line |
Traditional transcription line |
Glossing transliteration line |
Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | make bound transcription | ÍD.DA → nārim canal:M.GEN ‘(of the) canal’ ÍD.DA → nār-im canal(M)-M.GEN ‘(of the) canal’ | |
| keep it (if bound transcription impossible) | ÍD.DA → ÍD.DA canal:M.GEN ‘(of the) canal’ | ||
| - | make bound transcription | aṭ-ru-dam → aṭrudam 1SG:send:PST:VENT ‘I sent’ aṭ-ru-dam → a-ṭrud-am 1SG-send\PST-VENT ‘I sent’ | |
| - | “=” (clitic) | aṭrudam-ma → aṭrudam=ma 1SG:send:PST:VENT=SP ‘I sent’ aṭrudam-ma → a-ṭrud-am=ma 1SG-send\PST-VENT=SP ‘I sent’ | |
| ( ) | leave parentheses out; keep content |
nār(im) → nārim canal:M.GEN ‘(of the) canal’ nār(im) → nār-im canal(M)-M.GEN ‘(of the) canal’ | |
| < > | leave brackets out; keep content |
LÚ.MEŠ<sē>kirī → sēkirī block:PTCP:ACC.PL ‘blockers’ LÚ.MEŠ<sē>kirī → sēkir-ī block\PTCP-ACC.PL ‘blockers’ | |
| { } | leave brackets and content out | LÚ.MEŠsē{sē}kirī → sēkirī block:PTCP:ACC.PL ‘blockers’ LÚ.MEŠsē{sē}kirī → sēkir-ī block\PTCP-ACC.PL ‘blockers’ | |
| [ ] | leave brackets out; keep content or leave it out |
LÚ.MEŠ[sēki]rī → sēkirī block:PTCP:ACC.PL ‘blockers’ LÚ.MEŠ[sēki]rī → sēkir-ī block\PTCP-ACC.PL ‘blockers’ LÚ.MEŠ[sēki]rī → [__]rī ‘[destroyed]’ | |
| ⌈ ⌉ | leave brackets out; keep content |
LÚ.MEŠ⌈sē⌉kirī → sēkirī block:PTCP:ACC.PL ‘blockers’ LÚ.MEŠ⌈sē⌉kirī → sēkir-ī block\PTCP-ACC.PL ‘blockers’ | |
Common forms
| This page is currently under construction |