Later Egyptian:Glossing of common Sahidic Coptic forms: Difference between revisions
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What follows is a list of ''' | {{Red|### Under construction ###}} | ||
What follows is a list of '''Sahidic Coptic''' grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing. | |||
Please contribute to the list or to the '''discussion of the glossing of specific forms'''. | Please contribute to the list or to the '''discussion of the glossing of specific forms'''. | ||
Line 6: | Line 8: | ||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
==== Personal pronouns ==== | ==== Personal pronouns ==== | ||
===== | ===== Suffix pronouns ===== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 28: | Line 30: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
===== | |||
===== Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e) ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 48: | Line 51: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ || -3PL | | -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ || -3PL | ||
|} | |||
===== Independent personal pronouns ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71)''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ || 1SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲟⲕ || 2SG.M | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲟ || 2SG.F | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲟϥ || 3SG.M | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲟⲥ || 3SG.F | |||
|- | |||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲛ || 1PL | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ|| 2PL | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ || 3PL | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79)''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= || 1SG.M | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= || 2SG.M | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= || 2SG.F | |||
|- | |||
| ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= || 1PL | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= || 2PL | |||
|} | |||
===== Prefixed personal pronouns ===== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78)''' | |||
|- | |||
| ϯ- || 1SG- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲕ-, ⲅ- || 2SG.M- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ- || 2SG.F- | |||
|- | |||
| ϥ- || 3SG.M- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲥ- || 3SG.F- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲛ- || 1PL- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲥⲉ- || 3PL- | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern)''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, || 1SG- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- || 2SG.M- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) || 2SG.F- | |||
|- | |||
| ϥ-, ⲉϥ- || 3SG.M- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- || 3SG.F- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- || 1PL- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL- | |||
|- | |||
| ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- || 3PL- | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Demonstrative pronouns ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''Proximal''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ || this:M || DEM.PROX:M.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ || this:F || DEM.PROX:F.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ || these || DEM.PROX:PL | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''Distal''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || those || DEM.DIST:PL | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''Distal ('Affective')''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲏ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲏ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲏ || those || DEM.DIST:PL | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns) ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| colspan= "5" | '''with following Noun phrase''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲁ= || the_one:M_of= || POSS:M.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲁ= || the_one:F_of= || POSS:F.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲁ= || the_one:PL_of= || POSS:PL= | |||
|- | |||
| colspan= "5" | '''with following Suffix pronoun''' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲱ || mine:M, yours:M, ... || POSS:M.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲱ || mine:F, yours:F, ... || POSS:F.SG | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲟⲩ || mine:PL, yours:PL, ... || POSS:PL | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Determiners === | |||
==== Articles ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''indefinite''' | |||
|- | |||
| || || ''long'' || ''short'' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲟⲩ= || a= || INDF.ART.SG= || INDF.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ϩⲉⲛ= || – || INDF.ART.PL= || INDF.PL= | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''definite''' | |||
|- | |||
| || || ''long'' || ''short'' | |||
|- | |||
|ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= || the:M.SG= || DEF.ART:M.SG= || DEF:M.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= || the:F.SG= || DEF.ART:F.SG= || DEF:F.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= || the:PL= || DEF.ART:PL= || DEF:PL= | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Demonstrative Articles ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| || || ''long'' || ''short'' | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= || this:M.SG= || DEM.ART:M.SG= || DEM:M.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= || this:F.SG= || DEM.ART:F.SG= || DEM:F.SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= || these:PL= || DEM.ART:PL= || DEM.PL= | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==== Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns) ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲁ= || my:M= || POSS:M.SG:1SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲕ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.M= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲟⲩ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.F= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉϥ= || his:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.M= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲥ= || her:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.F= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲛ= || our:M= || POSS:M.SG:1PL= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2PL= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉⲩ= || their:M= || POSS:M.SG:3PL= | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲁ= || my:F= || POSS:F.SG:1SG= | |||
|- | |||
| ⲧⲉⲕ= || your.F= || POSS:F.SG:2SG.M= | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | ... | |||
|- | |||
| ⲛⲁ= || my:PL= || POSS:PL:1SG= | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | ... | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
=== Nouns === | |||
==== Bare nouns ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | |||
|- | |||
| ⲙⲁ || place.M.SG / place.M.PL || place(M.SG) / place(M.PL) | |||
|- | |||
|ⲉⲃⲟⲧ || month.M.SG || month(M)[SG] | |||
|- | |||
| ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ || month:M.PL || month(M)\PL | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲉ || sky.F || sky(F)[SG] | |||
|- | |||
| ⲡⲏⲩⲉ || sky:F.PL || sky(F)\PL | |||
|- | |||
| ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ || woman.F.SG || woman(F)[SG] | |||
|- | |||
| ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ || woman.F.PL || woman.F.PL | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="5" | '''nouns without grammatical gender''' (genderless nouns, Layton 2011: ...) | |||
|- | |||
|} | |} |
Latest revision as of 07:08, 7 October 2015
### Under construction ###
What follows is a list of Sahidic Coptic grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing.
Please contribute to the list or to the discussion of the glossing of specific forms.
Grammatical forms[edit | edit source]
Pronouns[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
Suffix pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | |
---|---|---|
-ⲓ, -ⲧ, -∅ | -1SG | |
-ⲕ, -ⲅ | -2SG.M | |
-∅, -ⲉ | -2SG.F | |
-ϥ | -3SG.M | |
-ⲥ | -3SG.F | |
-ⲛ | -1PL | |
-ⲧⲛ; =ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ | -2PL; =2PL | |
-ⲟⲩ, -ⲩ | -3PL |
Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e)[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | |
---|---|---|
-ⲧ | -1SG | |
-ⲕ, -ⲥⲕ, -ⲧⲕ | -2SG.M | |
not attested(?) | -2SG.F | |
-ϥ, -ⲥϥ | -3SG.M | |
-ⲥ | -3SG.F | |
-ⲥⲛ | -1PL | |
-ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ | -2PL | |
-ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ | -3PL |
Independent personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71) | ||||
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | 1SG | |||
ⲛⲧⲟⲕ | 2SG.M | |||
ⲛⲧⲟ | 2SG.F | |||
ⲛⲧⲟϥ | 3SG.M | |||
ⲛⲧⲟⲥ | 3SG.F | |||
ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | 1PL | |||
ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ | 2PL | |||
ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ | 3PL | |||
bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79) | ||||
ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= | 1SG.M | |||
ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= | 2SG.M | |||
ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= | 2SG.F | |||
ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= | 1PL | |||
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= | 2PL |
Prefixed personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78) | ||||
ϯ- | 1SG- | |||
ⲕ-, ⲅ- | 2SG.M- | |||
ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ- | 2SG.F- | |||
ϥ- | 3SG.M- | |||
ⲥ- | 3SG.F- | |||
ⲧⲛ- | 1PL- | |||
ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- | 2PL- | |||
ⲥⲉ- | 3PL- | |||
in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern) | ||||
ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, | 1SG- | |||
ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- | 2SG.M- | |||
ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) | 2SG.F- | |||
ϥ-, ⲉϥ- | 3SG.M- | |||
ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- | 3SG.F- | |||
ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- | 1PL- | |||
ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- | 2PL- | |||
ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- | 3PL- |
Demonstrative pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Proximal | ||||
ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ | this:M | DEM.PROX:M.SG | ||
ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ | this:F | DEM.PROX:F.SG | ||
ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ | these | DEM.PROX:PL | ||
Distal | ||||
ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ | that:M | DEM.DIST:M.SG | ||
ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ | that:F | DEM.DIST:F.SG | ||
ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ | those | DEM.DIST:PL | ||
Distal ('Affective') | ||||
ⲡⲏ | that:M | DEM.DIST:M.SG | ||
ⲧⲏ | that:F | DEM.DIST:F.SG | ||
ⲛⲏ | those | DEM.DIST:PL |
Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns)[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
with following Noun phrase | ||||
ⲡⲁ= | the_one:M_of= | POSS:M.SG= | ||
ⲧⲁ= | the_one:F_of= | POSS:F.SG= | ||
ⲛⲁ= | the_one:PL_of= | POSS:PL= | ||
with following Suffix pronoun | ||||
ⲡⲱ | mine:M, yours:M, ... | POSS:M.SG | ||
ⲧⲱ | mine:F, yours:F, ... | POSS:F.SG | ||
ⲛⲟⲩ | mine:PL, yours:PL, ... | POSS:PL |
Determiners[edit | edit source]
Articles[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | ||||
long | short | |||
ⲟⲩ= | a= | INDF.ART.SG= | INDF.SG= | |
ϩⲉⲛ= | – | INDF.ART.PL= | INDF.PL= | |
definite | ||||
long | short | |||
ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= | the:M.SG= | DEF.ART:M.SG= | DEF:M.SG= | |
ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= | the:F.SG= | DEF.ART:F.SG= | DEF:F.SG= | |
ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= | the:PL= | DEF.ART:PL= | DEF:PL= |
Demonstrative Articles[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | |
---|---|---|---|
long | short | ||
ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= | this:M.SG= | DEM.ART:M.SG= | DEM:M.SG= |
ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= | this:F.SG= | DEM.ART:F.SG= | DEM:F.SG= |
ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= | these:PL= | DEM.ART:PL= | DEM.PL= |
Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns)[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ⲡⲁ= | my:M= | POSS:M.SG:1SG= | ||
ⲡⲉⲕ= | your:M= | POSS:M.SG:2SG.M= | ||
ⲡⲟⲩ= | your:M= | POSS:M.SG:2SG.F= | ||
ⲡⲉϥ= | his:M= | POSS:M.SG:3SG.M= | ||
ⲡⲉⲥ= | her:M= | POSS:M.SG:3SG.F= | ||
ⲡⲉⲛ= | our:M= | POSS:M.SG:1PL= | ||
ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= | your:M= | POSS:M.SG:2PL= | ||
ⲡⲉⲩ= | their:M= | POSS:M.SG:3PL= | ||
ⲧⲁ= | my:F= | POSS:F.SG:1SG= | ||
ⲧⲉⲕ= | your.F= | POSS:F.SG:2SG.M= | ||
... | ||||
ⲛⲁ= | my:PL= | POSS:PL:1SG= | ||
... |
Nouns[edit | edit source]
Bare nouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. | Advanced | Expert | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
ⲙⲁ | place.M.SG / place.M.PL | place(M.SG) / place(M.PL) | ||
ⲉⲃⲟⲧ | month.M.SG | month(M)[SG] | ||
ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ | month:M.PL | month(M)\PL | ||
ⲡⲉ | sky.F | sky(F)[SG] | ||
ⲡⲏⲩⲉ | sky:F.PL | sky(F)\PL | ||
ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ | woman.F.SG | woman(F)[SG] | ||
ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ | woman.F.PL | woman.F.PL | ||
nouns without grammatical gender (genderless nouns, Layton 2011: ...) |