Editing Ancient Egyptian:Glossing of common Earlier Egyptian forms
From Glossing Ancient Languages
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 61: | Line 61: | ||
| ''sn'' || sn || 3PL || =sn || =3PL | | ''sn'' || sn || 3PL || =sn || =3PL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''st'' || st || | | ''st'' || st || 3SG.C || =st || =3SG.C | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 105: | Line 105: | ||
| colspan="5" | '''Neo-Middle Egyptian''' | | colspan="5" | '''Neo-Middle Egyptian''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ṯwt / twt'' || ṯwt || rowspan="2" | 2/3SG <ref name="Werning_Dating_2013">Werning, Daniel A. ( | | ''ṯwt / twt'' || ṯwt || rowspan="2" | 2/3SG <ref name="Werning_Dating_2013">Werning, Daniel A. (in print) Linguistic Dating of the Netherworld Books Attested in the New Kingdom. A critical review. To appear in: Gerald Moers ''et al.'' (eds.), [''Dating Egyptian Literary Texts''] (Lingua Aegyptia. Studia Monographica 11), Hamburg: Kai Widmaier, 44 pp.</ref> || čwt || rowspan="2" | 2/3SG <ref name="Werning_Dating_2013" /> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''swt'' || swt || swt | | ''swt'' || swt || swt | ||
Line 145: | Line 145: | ||
| colspan="5" | '''Proximal (younger form)''' | | colspan="5" | '''Proximal (younger form)''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''pꜢ'' || pꜢ || this:M || pꜢ || DEM.PROX:M.SG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''tꜢ'' || tꜢ || this:F || tꜢ || DEM.PROX:F.SG | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''nꜢ'' || nꜢ || this || nꜢ || DEM.PROX:C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''nꜢ n(j)'' || nꜢ_nï || these || nꜢ_nï || DEM.PROX:PL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="5" | '''Distal''' | | colspan="5" | '''Distal''' | ||
Line 173: | Line 173: | ||
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''tꜢ'' || tꜢ || land.M || tꜢ || land(M)[SG] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''tꜢ.w'' || tꜢ{{TrSep}}w || land:M.PL || tꜢ-w || land(M)-PL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''tꜢ.wï'' || tꜢ{{TrSep}}wï || land:M.DU || tꜢ-wï || land(M)-DU | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''p.t'' || p{{TrSep}}t || sky:F || p{{TrSep}}t || sky:F[SG] | | ''p.t'' || p{{TrSep}}t || sky:F || p{{TrSep}}t || sky:F[SG] | ||
Line 210: | Line 210: | ||
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''tꜢ-jmn.t / <br/>tꜢ jmn.t'' || tꜢ jmn{{TrSep}}t || land.M west:F ''or'' <br/>land.M:STC west:F || tꜢ= jmn{{TrSep}}t || land(M)[SG]= west:F[SG] ''or'' <br/>land(M)[SG]:STC west:F[SG] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''nb.t-p.t / <br/>nb.t p.t'' || nb{{TrSep}}t p{{TrSep}}t || mistress:F sky:F ''or'' <br/>mistress:F:STC sky:F || nb{{TrSep}}t= p{{TrSep}}t || mistress:F[SG]= sky:F[SG] ''or'' <br/>mistress:F[SG]:STC sky:F[SG] | | ''nb.t-p.t / <br/>nb.t p.t'' || nb{{TrSep}}t p{{TrSep}}t || mistress:F sky:F ''or'' <br/>mistress:F:STC sky:F || nb{{TrSep}}t= p{{TrSep}}t || mistress:F[SG]= sky:F[SG] ''or'' <br/>mistress:F[SG]:STC sky:F[SG] | ||
Line 311: | Line 311: | ||
| ''sḏm'' || sḏm || hear:INF || sč̣m || hear{{tf}}INF | | ''sḏm'' || sḏm || hear:INF || sč̣m || hear{{tf}}INF | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''s: | | ''s:Ꜥnḫ'' || s{{TrSep}}Ꜥnḫ || CAUS:live:INF || s-Ꜥnḫ || CAUS-live{{tf}}INF | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''s:ḏd'' || s{{TrSep}}ḏd{{TrSep}}t || tell:INF || s{{TrSep}}č̣ṭ{{TrSep}}t || tell{{tf}}INF | | ''s:ḏd'' || s{{TrSep}}ḏd{{TrSep}}t || tell:INF || s{{TrSep}}č̣ṭ{{TrSep}}t || tell{{tf}}INF | ||
Line 405: | Line 405: | ||
| rowspan="2" | '''‘Imperfective’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Present’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Circumstantial’ || ''gmi̯'' || gm || find:IPFV || gm || find{{tf}}IPFV | | rowspan="2" | '''‘Imperfective’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Present’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Circumstantial’ || ''gmi̯'' || gm || find:IPFV || gm || find{{tf}}IPFV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ'' || mꜢ || see:IPFV || mꜢ || see{{tf}}IPFV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="5" | '''‘Subjunctive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective’ || ''gmy / gmi̯'' || gmy / gm || find:SBJV || gmy / gm || find{{tf}}SBJV | | rowspan="5" | '''‘Subjunctive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective’ || ''gmy / gmi̯'' || gmy / gm || find:SBJV || gmy / gm || find{{tf}}SBJV | ||
Line 411: | Line 411: | ||
| ''jn.t'' || jnt || fetch:SBJV || jn{{TrSep}}t || fetch{{tf}}SBJV | | ''jn.t'' || jnt || fetch:SBJV || jn{{TrSep}}t || fetch{{tf}}SBJV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ'' || mꜢ || see:SBJV || mꜢ || see{{tf}}SBJV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢn'' || mꜢn || see:SBJV || mꜢn || see{{tf}}SBJV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''nn gmy'' || nn gmy || not find:SBJV || nn gmy || NEG find{{tf}}SBJV | | ''nn gmy'' || nn gmy || not find:SBJV || nn gmy || NEG find{{tf}}SBJV | ||
Line 419: | Line 419: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Future’ || ''gmi̯.w / gmi̯.y / <br/>gmi̯(.w)'' || gm{{TrSep}}w / gm{{TrSep}}y || find:POST || gm{{TrSep}}w / gm{{TrSep}}y || find{{tf}}POST | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Future’ || ''gmi̯.w / gmi̯.y / <br/>gmi̯(.w)'' || gm{{TrSep}}w / gm{{TrSep}}y || find:POST || gm{{TrSep}}w / gm{{TrSep}}y || find{{tf}}POST | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢꜢ'' || mꜢꜢ || see:POST || mꜢꜢ || see{{tf}}POST | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) gmi̯.w'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:POST || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}POST | | ''n(j) gmi̯.w'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:POST || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}POST | ||
Line 425: | Line 425: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Anterior’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Perfect’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Perfective’ || ''gmi̯.n'' || gm{{TrSep}}n || find:ANT || gm{{TrSep}}n || find{{tf}}ANT <br/>(''analytic'': find{{tf}}PFV.ANT) | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Anterior’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Perfect’ <br/>''alias'' ‘Perfective’ || ''gmi̯.n'' || gm{{TrSep}}n || find:ANT || gm{{TrSep}}n || find{{tf}}ANT <br/>(''analytic'': find{{tf}}PFV.ANT) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ.n'' || mꜢ{{TrSep}}n || see:ANT || mꜢ{{TrSep}}n || see{{tf}}ANT <br/>(''analytic'': see{{tf}}PFV.ANT) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) gmi̯.n'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}n || not find:PFV {{Orange|(!)}} || nj=gm{{TrSep}}n || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV<S>.ANT</S> {{Orange|(!)}} | | ''n(j) gmi̯.n'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}n || not find:PFV {{Orange|(!)}} || nj=gm{{TrSep}}n || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV<S>.ANT</S> {{Orange|(!)}} | ||
Line 431: | Line 431: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Perfective’''' || ''gmi̯'' || gm || find:PFV || gm || find{{tf}}PFV ‘Perfective’ | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Perfective’''' || ''gmi̯'' || gm || find:PFV || gm || find{{tf}}PFV ‘Perfective’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ'' || mꜢ || see:PRV || mꜢ || see{{tf}}PRV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) gmi̯'' || nj gm || not find:PFV || nj=gm || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV | | ''n(j) gmi̯'' || nj gm || not find:PFV || nj=gm || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV | ||
Line 437: | Line 437: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Completive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Terminative’ || ''sḏm.t'' || sḏm{{TrSep}}t || hear:COMPL || sč̣m{{TrSep}}t || hear{{tf}}COMPL | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Completive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Terminative’ || ''sḏm.t'' || sḏm{{TrSep}}t || hear:COMPL || sč̣m{{TrSep}}t || hear{{tf}}COMPL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢꜢ.t'' || mꜢꜢ{{TrSep}}t || see:COMPL || mꜢꜢ{{TrSep}}t || see{{tf}}COMPL | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''nj gmi̯.t'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}t || not find:COMPL || nj=gm{{TrSep}}t || NEG=find{{tf}}COMPL | | ''nj gmi̯.t'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}t || not find:COMPL || nj=gm{{TrSep}}t || NEG=find{{tf}}COMPL | ||
Line 443: | Line 443: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Perfective Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Passive’ || ''gmi̯(.w)'' || gm{{TrSep}}w || find:PFV.PASS || gm{{TrSep}}w || find{{tf}}PFV.PASS | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Perfective Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Passive’ || ''gmi̯(.w)'' || gm{{TrSep}}w || find:PFV.PASS || gm{{TrSep}}w || find{{tf}}PFV.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ'' || mꜢ || see:PFV.PASS || mꜢ || see{{tf}}PFV.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) gmi̯(.w)'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:PFV.PASS || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV.PASS | | ''n(j) gmi̯(.w)'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:PFV.PASS || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}PFV.PASS | ||
Line 449: | Line 449: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Passive’ || ''gmi̯.w'' || gm{{TrSep}}w || find:POST.PASS || gm{{TrSep}}w || find{{tf}}POST.PASS | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Passive’ || ''gmi̯.w'' || gm{{TrSep}}w || find:POST.PASS || gm{{TrSep}}w || find{{tf}}POST.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢ'' || mꜢ || see:POST.PASS || mꜢ || see{{tf}}POST.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) gmi̯(.w)'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:POST.PASS || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}POST.PASS | | ''n(j) gmi̯(.w)'' || nj gm{{TrSep}}w || not find:POST.PASS || nj=gm{{TrSep}}w || NEG=find{{tf}}POST.PASS | ||
Line 455: | Line 455: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective Passive’ || ''sḏmm'' || sḏmm || hear:POST.PASS || sč̣m~m || hear~POST.PASS | | rowspan="3" | '''‘Posterior Passive’''' <br/>''alias'' ‘Prospective Passive’ || ''sḏmm'' || sḏmm || hear:POST.PASS || sč̣m~m || hear~POST.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''mꜢꜢ'' || mꜢꜢ || see:POST.PASS || mꜢ~Ꜣ || see~POST.PASS | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n(j) sḏmm'' || nj sḏmm || not hear:POST.PASS || nj=sč̣m~m || NEG=hear~POST.PASS | | ''n(j) sḏmm'' || nj sḏmm || not hear:POST.PASS || nj=sč̣m~m || NEG=hear~POST.PASS | ||
Line 480: | Line 480: | ||
;FAQ: | ;FAQ: | ||
:''‘Why is it that ''nj sḏm.n=f'' does not normally have anterior meaning?’'' | :''‘Why is it that ''nj sḏm.n=f'' does not normally have anterior meaning?’'' | ||
:The ‘Anterior’ ''sḏm.n=f'' is a perfective (phasal aspect) anterior (relative tense) form in Middle Egyptian. Egyptian – like a few other languages – uses a <u>perfective</u> form for a general negation of action (‘does not happen; does never happen’). ‘Perfective’ is a specific ''phasal aspect''. It means that the speaker chooses to look at the <u>action as a whole</u> – from the beginning to its end, explicitly enclosing its end. Since one can normally only speak about the end if an action has already ended (''Bounded Event Constraint''), perfective forms usually have anterior (relative tense) or past (absolute tense) meaning. If an action does <u>never</u> occurs, however, this natural conclusion is not mandatory. By choosing a perfective form, languages like Egyptian simply insist to convey the information that the <u>whole</u> action – from its beginning to its end (perfective aspect) – never occurs. <ref>Werning, Daniel A. (2008) [http:// | :The ‘Anterior’ ''sḏm.n=f'' is a perfective (phasal aspect) anterior (relative tense) form in Middle Egyptian. Egyptian – like a few other languages – uses a <u>perfective</u> form for a general negation of action (‘does not happen; does never happen’). ‘Perfective’ is a specific ''phasal aspect''. It means that the speaker chooses to look at the <u>action as a whole</u> – from the beginning to its end, explicitly enclosing its end. Since one can normally only speak about the end if an action has already ended (''Bounded Event Constraint''), perfective forms usually have anterior (relative tense) or past (absolute tense) meaning. If an action does <u>never</u> occurs, however, this natural conclusion is not mandatory. By choosing a perfective form, languages like Egyptian simply insist to convey the information that the <u>whole</u> action – from its beginning to its end (perfective aspect) – never occurs. <ref>Werning, Daniel A. (2008) [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/%7Edwernin/published/Daniel_Werning-Aspect_vs_Relative_Tense.pdf Aspect vs. Relative Tense, and the Typological Classification of the Ancient Egyptian ''sḏm.n=f''], in: ''Lingua Aegyptia. Journal of Egyptian Language Studies'' 16, p. 261-292.</ref> | ||
==== Nominal verb forms of the ‘Suffix Conjugation’ ==== | ==== Nominal verb forms of the ‘Suffix Conjugation’ ==== | ||
Note that some of these forms are morphologically related to the respective ‘relative forms’ (see below). Indeed, they are ‘uninflected relative forms’ in as far as they are ‘relative forms’ without number/gender endings. <ref>Werning, Daniel A. ( | Note that some of these forms are morphologically related to the respective ‘relative forms’ (see below). Indeed, they are ‘uninflected relative forms’ in as far as they are ‘relative forms’ without number/gender endings. <ref>Werning, Daniel A. (in print) Uninflected Relative Verb Forms as Converbs and Verbal Rhemes: The two schemes of the Emphatic Construction as a detached adjectival phrase construction and as a truncated Balanced Sentence. In: [Grossman, Eitan, Stéphane Polis, Andréas Stauder & Jean Winand] (eds.), [''Proceedings of the conference ‘New Directions in Egyptian Syntax’, 12th–14th May 2011, Liège''], ca. 28 pp.</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 516: | Line 516: | ||
| (‘Subjunctive Obligative’) || ''gm(y).ḫr'' || gmy-ḫr || find{{tf}}SBJV-OBLV | | (‘Subjunctive Obligative’) || ''gm(y).ḫr'' || gmy-ḫr || find{{tf}}SBJV-OBLV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ‘Potentialis’ || ''gmi̯. | | ‘Potentialis’ || ''gmi̯.kꜢ'' || rowspan="3" | gm{{TrSep}}kꜢ || rowspan="3" | find:CNSV.POT || gm{{TrSep}}kꜢ || find{{tf}}CNSV.POT | ||
|- | |- | ||
| (‘Posterior Potentialis’) || ''gmi̯(.w). | | (‘Posterior Potentialis’) || ''gmi̯(.w).kꜢ / gmi̯.w.kꜢ'' || gm{{TrSep}}w-kꜢ || find{{tf}}POST-CNSV.POT | ||
|- | |- | ||
| (‘Subjunctive Potentialis’) || ''gm(y). | | (‘Subjunctive Potentialis’) || ''gm(y).kꜢ'' || gmy-kꜢ || find{{tf}}SBJV-CNSV.POT | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 544: | Line 544: | ||
| ''tm'' || tm || not_do || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | | ''tm'' || tm || not_do || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''pꜢw / pꜢ(w)'' || pꜢw || did || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 718: | Line 718: | ||
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''r'' (STN) || r || to / against / attached <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012">Werning, Daniel A. (2012) [http:// | | ''r'' (STN) || r || to / against / attached <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012">Werning, Daniel A. (2012) [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/%7Edwernin/published/Daniel_Werning-2012-Egyptian_Prepositions_Spatial_Relations.pdf Ancient Egyptian Prepositions for the Expression of Spatial Relations and their Translations. A typological approach]. In: Eitan Grossmann, Stéphane Polis & Jean Winand (eds.), ''Lexical Semantics in Ancient Egyptian'' (Lingua Aegyptia. Studia Monographica 9), Hamburg: Kai Widmaier, p. 293-346.</ref> / as_for || r= || ALL= / against= / ATTD= <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / as_for= | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''jr= / r='' (STPR) || jr- / r- || to- / against- / attached- <ref name=" Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / as_for- || r- || ALL- / against- / ATTD- / as_for- | | ''jr= / r='' (STPR) || jr- / r- || to- / against- / attached- <ref name=" Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / as_for- || || r- || ALL- / against- / ATTD- / as_for- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''n'' (STN) || n || for / due_to || n= || BEN= / due_to= | | ''n'' (STN) || n || for / due_to || n= || BEN= / due_to= | ||
Line 732: | Line 732: | ||
| ''ḥr'' || ḥr || on / above / at / because_of || ḥr || SUPR <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / at / because_of | | ''ḥr'' || ḥr || on / above / at / because_of || ḥr || SUPR <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / at / because_of | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''dp ''(trad. ''tp'')<ref>Werning. Daniel A. (2004) [http:// | | ''dp ''(trad. ''tp'')<ref>Werning. Daniel A. (2004) [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/%7Edwernin/published/Daniel_Werning-2004-Gardiner_D1.pdf The Sound Values of the Signs Gardiner D1 (Head) and T8 (Dagger)]. In: Lingua Aegyptia. Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 12 | ||
p. 183–203 | p. 183–203.</ref> || dp || upon / on / ahead <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ẖr'' || ẖr || under / below / with || ẖr || INFR <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / with | | ''ẖr'' || ẖr || under / below / with || ẖr || INFR <ref name="Werning_prepositions_2012" /> / with | ||
Line 757: | Line 757: | ||
| ''js'' || js || FOCZ || =js || =FOCZ | | ''js'' || js || FOCZ || =js || =FOCZ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ꜤḥꜤ.n'' || ꜤḥꜤ{{TrSep}}n || then || ꜤḥꜤ{{TrSep}}n || CJVB:ANT | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''.wï ''(adjectival clause) || {{TrSep}}wï || :EXLM || -wï || -EXLM | | ''.wï ''(adjectival clause) || {{TrSep}}wï || :EXLM || -wï || -EXLM | ||
Line 783: | Line 783: | ||
| ''ḥwï / ḥw(ï)'' || ḥwï || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | | ''ḥwï / ḥw(ï)'' || ḥwï || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ḥꜢ'' || ḥꜢ || MODP || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''ḫr'' || ḫr || OBLV || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | | ''ḫr'' || ḫr || OBLV || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
Line 791: | Line 791: | ||
| ''tj'' || tj || SBRD / while || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | | ''tj'' || tj || SBRD / while || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''kꜢ'' || kꜢ || CNSV.POT || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 799: | Line 799: | ||
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ꜤꜢ'' || ꜤꜢ || here || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''jm'' || jm || there || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | | ''jm'' || jm || there || colspan="2" | ''same as advanced'' | ||
Line 836: | Line 836: | ||
== Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
* Di Biase-Dyson, Camilla, Frank Kammerzell & Daniel A. Werning (2009). [http:// | * Di Biase-Dyson, Camilla, Frank Kammerzell & Daniel A. Werning (2009). [http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/%7Edwernin/published/DiBiase_Kammerzell_Werning-2009-Glossing_Ancient_Egyptian.pdf Glossing Ancient Egyptian. Suggestions for Adapting the Leipzig Glossing Rules]. In: ''Lingua Aegyptia. Journal of Egyptian Language Studies'' 17: 243–266. | ||
;Grammars: | ;Grammars: | ||
* Allen, James P. (2010) ''Middle Egyptian. An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs'', 2nd ed., Cambridge: University Press, ISBN 978-0521741446, ISBN 978-0521517966. (Read [http://archive.org/details/JamesP.Allen.......middleEgyptianAnIntroductionToTheLanguageCulture online]) | * Allen, James P. (2010) ''Middle Egyptian. An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs'', 2nd ed., Cambridge: University Press, ISBN 978-0521741446, ISBN 978-0521517966. (Read [http://archive.org/details/JamesP.Allen.......middleEgyptianAnIntroductionToTheLanguageCulture online]) | ||
* Malaise, Michael & Jean Winand (1999) ''Grammaire raisonnée de l’égyptien classique'', Aegyptiaca Leodiensia 6, Liège: Centre informatique de philosophie et lettres, Book No. D/1999/0480/18. | * Malaise, Michael & Jean Winand (1999) ''Grammaire raisonnée de l’égyptien classique'', Aegyptiaca Leodiensia 6, Liège: Centre informatique de philosophie et lettres, Book No. D/1999/0480/18. | ||
* Schenkel, Wolfgang (2012) ''Tübinger Einführung in die klassisch-ägyptische Sprache und Schrift'', 7th, rev. ed., Tübingen: Pagina, ISBN 978-3-938529-05-8. | * * Schenkel, Wolfgang (2012) ''Tübinger Einführung in die klassisch-ägyptische Sprache und Schrift'', 7th, rev. ed., Tübingen: Pagina, ISBN 978-3-938529-05-8. |