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Later Egyptian:Glossing of common Sahidic Coptic forms
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== Grammatical forms == === Pronouns === ==== Personal pronouns ==== ===== Suffix pronouns ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced |- | -ⲓ, -ⲧ, -∅ || -1SG |- | -ⲕ, -ⲅ || -2SG.M |- | -∅, -ⲉ || -2SG.F |- | -ϥ || -3SG.M |- | -ⲥ || -3SG.F |- | -ⲛ || -1PL |- | -ⲧⲛ; =ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ || -2PL; =2PL |- | -ⲟⲩ, -ⲩ || -3PL |- |} ===== Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e) ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced |- | -ⲧ || -1SG |- | -ⲕ, -ⲥⲕ, -ⲧⲕ || -2SG.M |- | not attested(?) || -2SG.F |- | -ϥ, -ⲥϥ ||-3SG.M |- | -ⲥ || -3SG.F |- | -ⲥⲛ || -1PL |- | -ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ || -2PL |- | -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ || -3PL |} ===== Independent personal pronouns ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced |- | colspan="5" | '''unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71)''' |- | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ || 1SG |- | ⲛⲧⲟⲕ || 2SG.M |- | ⲛⲧⲟ || 2SG.F |- | ⲛⲧⲟϥ || 3SG.M |- | ⲛⲧⲟⲥ || 3SG.F |- | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ || 1PL |- | ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ|| 2PL |- | ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ || 3PL |- | colspan="5" | '''bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79)''' |- | ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= || 1SG.M |- | ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= || 2SG.M |- | ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= || 2SG.F |- | ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= || 1PL |- | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= || 2PL |} ===== Prefixed personal pronouns ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced |- | colspan="5" | '''in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78)''' |- | ϯ- || 1SG- |- | ⲕ-, ⲅ- || 2SG.M- |- | ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ- || 2SG.F- |- | ϥ- || 3SG.M- |- | ⲥ- || 3SG.F- |- | ⲧⲛ- || 1PL- |- | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL- |- | ⲥⲉ- || 3PL- |- | colspan="5" | '''in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern)''' |- | ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, || 1SG- |- | ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- || 2SG.M- |- | ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) || 2SG.F- |- | ϥ-, ⲉϥ- || 3SG.M- |- | ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- || 3SG.F- |- | ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- || 1PL- |- | ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL- |- | ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- || 3PL- |- |} ==== Demonstrative pronouns ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | colspan="5" | '''Proximal''' |- | ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ || this:M || DEM.PROX:M.SG |- | ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ || this:F || DEM.PROX:F.SG |- | ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ || these || DEM.PROX:PL |- | colspan="5" | '''Distal''' |- | ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG |- | ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG |- | ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || those || DEM.DIST:PL |- | colspan="5" | '''Distal ('Affective')''' |- | ⲡⲏ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG |- | ⲧⲏ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG |- | ⲛⲏ || those || DEM.DIST:PL |- |} ==== Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns) ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | colspan= "5" | '''with following Noun phrase''' |- | ⲡⲁ= || the_one:M_of= || POSS:M.SG= |- | ⲧⲁ= || the_one:F_of= || POSS:F.SG= |- | ⲛⲁ= || the_one:PL_of= || POSS:PL= |- | colspan= "5" | '''with following Suffix pronoun''' |- | ⲡⲱ || mine:M, yours:M, ... || POSS:M.SG |- | ⲧⲱ || mine:F, yours:F, ... || POSS:F.SG |- | ⲛⲟⲩ || mine:PL, yours:PL, ... || POSS:PL |- |} === Determiners === ==== Articles ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | colspan="5" | '''indefinite''' |- | || || ''long'' || ''short'' |- | ⲟⲩ= || a= || INDF.ART.SG= || INDF.SG= |- | ϩⲉⲛ= || – || INDF.ART.PL= || INDF.PL= |- | colspan="5" | '''definite''' |- | || || ''long'' || ''short'' |- |ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= || the:M.SG= || DEF.ART:M.SG= || DEF:M.SG= |- | ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= || the:F.SG= || DEF.ART:F.SG= || DEF:F.SG= |- | ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= || the:PL= || DEF.ART:PL= || DEF:PL= |- |} ==== Demonstrative Articles ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | || || ''long'' || ''short'' |- | ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= || this:M.SG= || DEM.ART:M.SG= || DEM:M.SG= |- | ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= || this:F.SG= || DEM.ART:F.SG= || DEM:F.SG= |- | ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= || these:PL= || DEM.ART:PL= || DEM.PL= |- |} ==== Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns) ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ⲡⲁ= || my:M= || POSS:M.SG:1SG= |- | ⲡⲉⲕ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.M= |- | ⲡⲟⲩ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.F= |- | ⲡⲉϥ= || his:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.M= |- | ⲡⲉⲥ= || her:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.F= |- | ⲡⲉⲛ= || our:M= || POSS:M.SG:1PL= |- | ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2PL= |- | ⲡⲉⲩ= || their:M= || POSS:M.SG:3PL= |- | colspan="5" | |- | ⲧⲁ= || my:F= || POSS:F.SG:1SG= |- | ⲧⲉⲕ= || your.F= || POSS:F.SG:2SG.M= |- | colspan="5" | ... |- | ⲛⲁ= || my:PL= || POSS:PL:1SG= |- | colspan="5" | ... |- |} === Nouns === ==== Bare nouns ==== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ⲙⲁ || place.M.SG / place.M.PL || place(M.SG) / place(M.PL) |- |ⲉⲃⲟⲧ || month.M.SG || month(M)[SG] |- | ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ || month:M.PL || month(M)\PL |- | ⲡⲉ || sky.F || sky(F)[SG] |- | ⲡⲏⲩⲉ || sky:F.PL || sky(F)\PL |- | ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ || woman.F.SG || woman(F)[SG] |- | ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ || woman.F.PL || woman.F.PL |- | colspan="5" | '''nouns without grammatical gender''' (genderless nouns, Layton 2011: ...) |- |}
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