TEI:Body: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 10:36, 30 March 2026

Citation:

Werning, Daniel A. and wiki contributors. "TEI:Body" https://wikis.hu-berlin.de/teiegyptology/TEI:Body, in: TEI-XML in Eyptology and Coptic Studies https://wikis.hu-berlin.de/teiegyptology/, ed. by Daniel A. Werning, Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (accessed on: ______).

TEI tagging of text elements

Phenomenon	Traditional philological markup	Suggested philological markup	TEI/EpiDoc markup (cf. EpiDoc Guidelines)	Reference
==== LINE BREAKS, LAYOUT ====
Page/side beginning or break, (with indication scan file name)	(Recto:)	(Recto:)	<pb n="R" /> <pb n="R" facs="P_12345_R.tif" /> <pb n="V" facs="P_12345_V.tif" /> <pb n="outside" facs="P_12346_R.tif" /> <pb n="inside" facs="P_12346_V.tif" />	TEI
Line break (if basic "line" is horizontal) or column break (if basic "line" is vertical, i.e., column) between words	ꞽmn.t (2) pw	ꞽmn.t \|² pw	ꞽmn.t <lb n="2" />pw	EpiDoc
Line/column break inside a word	ꞽmn.t (2)	ꞽ\|²mn.t	ꞽ<lb n="2" break="no" />mn.t	EpiDoc
First line/column, with indication of writing direction	(1) ← (x+1) ←	\|^1(←) \|^x+1(←)	<lb n="1" rend="horizontal-rtl" /> <lb n="1" rend=" horizontal-ltr" /> <lb n="1" rend="vertical-rtl" /> <lb n="1" rend="vertical-ltr" />	EpiDoc
Break between sections of lines/columns ("paragraphs")	(no standard)	ꞽmn.t (II) pw	ꞽmn.t <cb n="II" />pw
Rubrum	ꞽmn.t pw	ꞽmn.t pw	<hi rend="rubrum">ꞽmn</hi>.t pw	EpiDoc
Highlighted characters (e.g. tall [e.g., in Demotic], ...)	(unmarked)	ḥsb.t 10	<hi rend="tall">ḥsb.t</hi> 10	EpiDoc
(Remarkable) free space on the text support in a line (vacat)	(no standard)	sꜢ (vac.) ꞽrm Ꜣrsn	sꜢ <space quantity="3" unit="quadrates" /> ꞽrm Ꜣrsn	EpiDoc
==== ORIGINAL/ANCIENT EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS ====
Ancient addition to the line	(no standard)	sḏm`=k´ sw	sḏm <add place="beside">=k</add> sw
Ancient addition above the line		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ\ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ/ϯ	ⲁⲛⲟⲕ<add place="above">ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ</add>ϯⲙⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲟⲥ	EpiDoc
Ancient addition below the line		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ/ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ\ϯ	ⲁⲛⲟⲕ<add place="below">ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ</add>ϯⲙⲁⲣⲧⲏⲣⲟⲥ	EpiDoc
Characters deleted in antiquity (rasura), completely lost	(no standard)	⟦-3Q-⟧ nb-nṯr.(w)	<del rend="erasure"><gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="quadrates" /></del> nb-nṯr.(w)	EpiDoc
Characters deleted in antiquity, completely lost, modern reconstruction	(no standard)	⟦[ꞽmn-rꜤ]⟧ nb-nṯr.(w)	<del rend="erasure"><supplied reason="lost" cert="high">ꞽmn-rꜤ</supplied></del> nb-nṯr.(w)	EpiDoc
Characters deleted in antiquity, reading uncertain	(no standard)	⟦⸮ꞽmn-rꜤ?⟧ nb-nṯr.(w)	<del rend="erasure"><unclear reason="damaged">ꞽmn-rꜤ</unclear></del> nb-nṯr.(w)	EpiDoc
Characters deleted in antiquity, still legible	(no standard)	⟦ꞽmn-rꜤ⟧ nb-nṯr.(w)	<del rend="erasure">ꞽmn-rꜤ</del> nb-nṯr.(w)	EpiDoc
Characters crossed out in antiquity, still legible	(no standard)	sḏm{{=f}}=k	sḏm<del rend="slashes">=f</del>=k
Characters written over deleted characters (rasura)	(no standard)	⟪ꞽmn-rꜤ⟫ nb-nṯr.(w)	<add place="overstrike">ꞽmn-rꜤ</add>	EpiDoc
==== TEXTUAL DESTRUCTION ====
Gap, completely destroyed	sꜢ […] Ꜣrsn	sꜢ […] Ꜣrsn	sꜢ <gap reason="lost" extent="undefined" /> Ꜣrsn	EpiDoc
Gap of unknown length, completely destroyed	(no standard)	sꜢ […] Ꜣrsn	sꜢ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="quadrates"/> Ꜣrsn	EpiDoc
Gap of unknown length at the end of a text, completely destroyed	ꞽmn.t […]	ꞽmn.t […]	ꞽmn.t <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" />
Gap of certain or approximate length, completely destroyed	(no standard)	sꜢ […3Q…] ꞽrm sꜢ […ca.3Q…] ꞽrm sꜢ […ca.5–7Q…] ꞽrm	sꜢ <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="quadrates" /> ı͗rm sꜢ <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="quadrates" precision="low" /> ꞽrm sꜢ <gap reason="lost" atleast="5" atmost="7" unit="quadrates" /> ꞽrm	EpiDoc EpiDoc EpiDoc
Gap of unknown length, barely legible	(no standard)	sꜢ ⸢…⸣ Ꜣrsn	sꜢ <gap reason="illegible" extent="unknown" unit="quadrates"/> Ꜣrsn	EpiDoc
Gap of certain or approximate length, barely legible	(no standard)	sꜢ ⸢…3Q…⸣ ꞽrm Ꜣrsn sꜢ ⸢…ca.3Q…⸣ ꞽrm Ꜣrsn sꜢ ⸢…ca.5–7Q…⸣ ꞽrm Ꜣrsn	sꜢ <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="quadrates" /> ı͗rm Ꜣrsn sꜢ <gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="quadrates" precision="low" /> ꞽrm Ꜣrsn sꜢ <gap reason="illegible" atleast="5" atmost="7" unit="quadrates" /> ꞽrm	EpiDoc EpiDoc
Modern reconstruction in gap (based on editors intuition)	ꞽ[mn].t	ꞽ[mn].t	ꞽ<supplied reason="lost">mn</supplied>.t ꞽ<supplied reason="lost" cert="high">mn</supplied>.t ꞽ<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">mn</supplied>.t	EpiDoc EpiDoc
Modern reconstruction in gap based on parallel text witnesses	sꜢ [Ptwlmys] ꞽrm	sꜢ [Ptwlmys] ꞽrm	sꜢ <supplied reason="lost" evidence="parallel">Ptwlmys</supplied> ı͗rm	EpiDoc
Characters now lost, but recorded by earlier scholars	(no standard)	ꞽ[“mn”].t	ꞽ<supplied reason="lost" evidence="previous_editor">mn</supplied>.t	EpiDoc
Partial destruction, but perfectly or unambiguously legible	ꞽmn.t ꞽmn⸢.t⸣	ꞽmn⸢.t⸣	ꞽmn<damage>.t</damage> ꞽmn<damage degree="medium">.t</damage> ꞽmn<damage degree="low">.t</damage>	EpiDoc
Partial destruction, interpretation somewhat ambiguous	ꞽmn.t? ꞽmn⸢.t?⸣ δεδαία̣ται	ꞽmn⸢⸮.t?⸣ δεδαία̣ται	ꞽmn<unclear reason="damaged">.t</unclear> δεδαί<unclear reason="damaged">α</unclear>ται	EpiDoc
==== MODERN EDITORIAL CORRECTIONS, EMENDATIONS, IDEALIZATIONS, ... ====
Questionable interpretation of hieroglyphs	wꜥb.t?	⸮wꜥb.t?	<unclear>wꜥb.t</unclear>	EpiDoc
Erroneous ancient addition	ꞽmn{.t}-rꜤ	ꞽmn{.t}-rꜤ	ꞽmn<surplus reason="mistake">t</surplus>-rꜤ ꞽmn<surplus reason="mistake" cert="high">t</surplus>-rꜤ ꞽmn<surplus reason="mistake" cert="low">t</surplus>-rꜤ	EpiDoc
Erroneous ancient repetition	ꞽ{ꞽ}mn.t {ꞽmn} ꞽmn.t	ꞽ{ꞽ}mn.t {ꞽmn} ꞽmn.t	ꞽ<surplus reason="repeated">ꞽ</surplus>mn.t ꞽ<surplus reason="repeated" cert="high">ꞽ</surplus>mn.t ꞽ<surplus reason="repeated" cert="low">ꞽ</surplus>mn.t	TEI
Traditional 'superfluous' double spelling of phonemes (sound change)	zw{r}ꞽ zwrꞽ t{r}ꞽ trꞽ	zw{r}ꞽ t{r}ꞽ	zw<surplus reason="traditional_orthography">r</surplus>ꞽ
Erroneous ancient omission	ꞽmn⟨.w⟩	ꞽmn⟨.w⟩	ꞽmn<supplied reason="omitted">.w</supplied> ꞽmn<supplied reason="omitted" cert="middle">.w</supplied>	EpiDoc
Erroneous ancient substitution	ꞽmn.{t}⟨w⟩ ꞽmn.⟨w⟩	ꞽmn.{t}⟨w⟩	ꞽmn.<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>w</corr></choice>	EpiDoc
Regularization of transcription, according to Old Egyptian spelling	w{d}⟨ḏ⟩=f wḏ=f wd=f ={t}⟨ṯ⟩n =ṯn =tn	w{d}⟨ḏ⟩=f ={t}⟨ṯ⟩n	w<choice><orig>d</orig><reg type="Old_Egyptian_form">ḏ</reg></choice>=f =<choice><orig>t</orig><reg type="Old_Egyptian_form >ṯ</reg></choice>n	EpiDoc
Regularization of transcription, towards plene spelling	sḏm.t(w)=f	sḏm.t(w)=f	sḏm.t<choice><orig/><reg type="plene_spelling">w</reg></choice>=f	EpiDoc
Regularization of transcription, reconstruction according to grammatical theory	pr(ꞽ)=f prꞽ=f pri̯=f	pr(ꞽ)=f	pr<choice><orig/><reg type="theoretical">ꞽ</reg></choice>f	EpiDoc
	ꞽw=f (ḥr) sdm	ꞽw=f (ḥr) sdm	ꞽw=f <choice><orig/><reg type="paradigmatic_normalization">ḥr</reg></choice> sdm
Second/third/... reading of characters only written once (licensed/systemic haplography)	(no standard)	ꜥnḫ nb wꜣs ⸨nb⸩ snb ⸨nb⸩	<supplied reason="haplography">nb<supplied>
==== FOOTNOTES, COMMENTS, VARIA ====
Modern footnote / endnote [can be automatized; no need to encode by hand]	ꞽmn.t tw^{1 ________________ 1}Congruent.	ꞽmn.t tw^{1 ________________ 1}Congruent.	ꞽmn.t tw<note>Congruent.</note>	EpiDoc
Change of hand	(not marked)	ꞽmn.t (change of hand) pw	ꞽmn.t <handShift cert="high" />pw	EpiDoc
Text not completed	(no standard)	ꞽmn.t (unfinished)	ꞽmn.t <gap reason="omitted" extent="unknown" /> Ꜣrsn	EpiDoc
Abbreviation, without/with expansion	ⲓ⳯ⲥ s(nb)	ⲓ⳯ⲥ s(nb)	<abbr>ⲓ<am>⳯</am>ⲥ</abbr>	EpiDoc EpiDoc EpiDoc
Abbreviation, without/with expansion	ⲓ⳯ⲥ s(nb)	ⲓ⳯ⲥ s(nb)	<expan><abbr>ⲓ<am>⳯</am></abbr><ex>ⲥⲟⲩ</ex><abbr>ⲥ</abbr></expan> <expan> <abbr>s</abbr> <ex>nb</ex></expan>
Sign or symbol not present in Unicode	(no standard)	cross	<g type="cross" /> <g type="circle" />	EpiDoc
==== WORD AND SENTENCE BOUNDARIES (optional) ====
Sentence boundaries	ꞽmn.t pw	ꞽmn.t pw	<s>ꞽmn.t pw</s>
Word boundaries texts without spaces between words	ⲁⲛⲟⲕⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥϯ	ⲁⲛⲟⲕⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥϯ	<w>ⲁⲛⲟⲕ</w><w>ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲥ</w><w>ϯ</w>

TEI tagging of text annotations

Semantic annotation supported by TEI

Personal names and individual persons

Example for individual person in line with EpiDoc 8.21 Guidelines:^[1]

  <persName 
    type="royal" 
    ref="http://www.trismegistos.org/person/12909"
    key="Ptolemaios_III_Euergetes_I"> 
    <name
      nymref="http://www.trismegistos.org/name/5317"
      key="Ptolemaios"> 
      Ptrwmys
    </name>
  </persName>

Examples for name (without identification with individual person):

  <persName 
    type="non_royal" 
    key="Amenophis"> 
    <name
      nymref="http://www.trismegistos.org/name/8042" 
      key="Amenophis"> 
      ꞽmn-m-ꞽp.t
    </name>
  </persName>

Place names

Example:

  <placeName type="settlement" key="Elephantine" 
     ref="http://www.trismegistos.org/place/621">Yb</placeName>

Alternatives for "settlement" are "district", "region", "country".

Dates

For dating by regnal years, use @when-custom and @datingMethod, and seperate ruler and regnal year by ":":^[2]

  <date when-custom="Ptolemaios_III:11" datingMethod="#regnal_year">ḥsb.t 11</date>

Example for Coptic month:

  <date when-custom="Parmuti:9">ⲡⲁⲣⲙⲁⲧ ⲑ</date>

If you can provide a modern calendar year (TLA chronology, like in the database), add notBefore="..." notAfter="..." plus a precision="..." attribute, e.g.

  <date when-custom="Ptolemaios_III:11" datingMethod="#regnal_year" 
     notBefore="-0236" notAfter="-0235" precision="high">ḥsb.t 11</date>
  <date when-custom="Parmuti:9" notBefore="0450" notAfter="0465" 
     precision="medium">ⲡⲁⲣⲙⲁⲧ ⲑ</date>

Instead of a time span one may refer to an individual year using a when="..." attribute:

  <date when-custom="Ptolemaios_III:11" datingMethod="#regnal_year" 
     when="-0236" precision="high">ḥsb.t 11</date>

Years BC are negative values; year values must have 4 digits. Months may follow and must have 2 digits:

  notBefore="-0236-05" notAfter="-0235-04"

or

  when="0455-03"

Morphosyntactic annotation

State: in discussion

References

↑ Cf. the EpiDoc suggestions on http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/gl/latest/idx-persnames.html.
↑ Cf. the example in http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/de/html/ref-att.datable.custom.html.

Bibliography

EpiDoc: Epigraphic Documents in TEI XML http://epidoc.sourceforge.net/, ed by the EpiDoc

Community.

EpiDoc Guidelines, Version 8-beta (Update: 21. Jan. 2013) http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/gl/, [ed. by

Stoa Consortium].

TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange, Version 2.2.0 (Update: 25. Okt.

2012) / Version 2.3.0 (Update: 17. Jan. 2013) http://www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/P5/, ed. by the TEI Consortium.

Werning, Daniel A. 2013 (March). Datenkodierung in TEI XML im Rubensohn-Projekt

http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~dwernin/drafts/Werning-TEI_im_Rubensohn_Projekt.pdf

Werning, Daniel A. 2013 (March). Example of a TEI file from the Rubensohn Project http://wwwuser.gwdg.de/~dwernin/drafts/Werning-Rubensohn_Projekt-Beispieldatensatz-TEI.pdf

[1] Cf. the EpiDoc suggestions on http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/gl/latest/idx-persnames.html.

[2] Cf. the example in http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/de/html/ref-att.datable.custom.html.

[1]

[2]