### Under construction ###
What follows is a list of Sahidic Coptic grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing.
Please contribute to the list or to the discussion of the glossing of specific forms.
| Trad. |
Advanced
|
| -ⲓ, -ⲧ, -∅ |
-1SG
|
| -ⲕ, -ⲅ |
-2SG.M
|
| -∅, -ⲉ |
-2SG.F
|
| -ϥ |
-3SG.M
|
| -ⲥ |
-3SG.F
|
| -ⲛ |
-1PL
|
| -ⲧⲛ; =ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ |
-2PL; =2PL
|
| -ⲟⲩ, -ⲩ |
-3PL
|
Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e)[edit | edit source]
| Trad. |
Advanced
|
| -ⲧ |
-1SG
|
| -ⲕ, -ⲥⲕ, -ⲧⲕ |
-2SG.M
|
| not attested(?) |
-2SG.F
|
| -ϥ, -ⲥϥ |
-3SG.M
|
| -ⲥ |
-3SG.F
|
| -ⲥⲛ |
-1PL
|
| -ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ |
-2PL
|
| -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ |
-3PL
|
Independent personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
| Trad. |
Advanced
|
| unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71)
|
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ |
1SG
|
| ⲛⲧⲟⲕ |
2SG.M
|
| ⲛⲧⲟ |
2SG.F
|
| ⲛⲧⲟϥ |
3SG.M
|
| ⲛⲧⲟⲥ |
3SG.F
|
| ⲁⲛⲟⲛ |
1PL
|
| ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ |
2PL
|
| ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ |
3PL
|
| bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79)
|
| ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= |
1SG.M
|
| ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= |
2SG.M
|
| ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= |
2SG.F
|
| ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= |
1PL
|
| ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= |
2PL
|
Prefixed personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
| Trad. |
Advanced
|
| in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78)
|
| ϯ- |
1SG-
|
| ⲕ-, ⲅ- |
2SG.M-
|
| ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ- |
2SG.F-
|
| ϥ- |
3SG.M-
|
| ⲥ- |
3SG.F-
|
| ⲧⲛ- |
1PL-
|
| ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- |
2PL-
|
| ⲥⲉ- |
3PL-
|
| in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern)
|
| ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, |
1SG-
|
| ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- |
2SG.M-
|
| ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) |
2SG.F-
|
| ϥ-, ⲉϥ- |
3SG.M-
|
| ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- |
3SG.F-
|
| ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- |
1PL-
|
| ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- |
2PL-
|
| ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- |
3PL-
|
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
| Proximal
|
| ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ |
this:M |
DEM.PROX:M.SG
|
| ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ |
this:F |
DEM.PROX:F.SG
|
| ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ |
these |
DEM.PROX:PL
|
| Distal
|
| ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ |
that:M |
DEM.DIST:M.SG
|
| ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ |
that:F |
DEM.DIST:F.SG
|
| ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ |
those |
DEM.DIST:PL
|
| Distal ('Affective')
|
| ⲡⲏ |
that:M |
DEM.DIST:M.SG
|
| ⲧⲏ |
that:F |
DEM.DIST:F.SG
|
| ⲛⲏ |
those |
DEM.DIST:PL
|
Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns)[edit | edit source]
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
| with following Noun phrase
|
| ⲡⲁ= |
the_one:M_of= |
POSS:M.SG=
|
| ⲧⲁ= |
the_one:F_of= |
POSS:F.SG=
|
| ⲛⲁ= |
the_one:PL_of= |
POSS:PL=
|
| with following Suffix pronoun
|
| ⲡⲱ |
mine:M, yours:M, ... |
POSS:M.SG
|
| ⲧⲱ |
mine:F, yours:F, ... |
POSS:F.SG
|
| ⲛⲟⲩ |
mine:PL, yours:PL, ... |
POSS:PL
|
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
| indefinite
|
|
|
long |
short
|
| ⲟⲩ= |
a= |
INDF.ART.SG= |
INDF.SG=
|
| ϩⲉⲛ= |
– |
INDF.ART.PL= |
INDF.PL=
|
| definite
|
|
|
long |
short
|
| ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= |
the:M.SG= |
DEF.ART:M.SG= |
DEF:M.SG=
|
| ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= |
the:F.SG= |
DEF.ART:F.SG= |
DEF:F.SG=
|
| ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= |
the:PL= |
DEF.ART:PL= |
DEF:PL=
|
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
|
|
long |
short
|
| ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= |
this:M.SG= |
DEM.ART:M.SG= |
DEM:M.SG=
|
| ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= |
this:F.SG= |
DEM.ART:F.SG= |
DEM:F.SG=
|
| ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= |
these:PL= |
DEM.ART:PL= |
DEM.PL=
|
Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns)[edit | edit source]
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
| ⲡⲁ= |
my:M= |
POSS:M.SG:1SG=
|
| ⲡⲉⲕ= |
your:M= |
POSS:M.SG:2SG.M=
|
| ⲡⲟⲩ= |
your:M= |
POSS:M.SG:2SG.F=
|
| ⲡⲉϥ= |
his:M= |
POSS:M.SG:3SG.M=
|
| ⲡⲉⲥ= |
her:M= |
POSS:M.SG:3SG.F=
|
| ⲡⲉⲛ= |
our:M= |
POSS:M.SG:1PL=
|
| ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= |
your:M= |
POSS:M.SG:2PL=
|
| ⲡⲉⲩ= |
their:M= |
POSS:M.SG:3PL=
|
|
|
| ⲧⲁ= |
my:F= |
POSS:F.SG:1SG=
|
| ⲧⲉⲕ= |
your.F= |
POSS:F.SG:2SG.M=
|
| ...
|
| ⲛⲁ= |
my:PL= |
POSS:PL:1SG=
|
| ...
|
| Trad. |
Advanced |
Expert
|
| ⲙⲁ |
place.M.SG / place.M.PL |
place(M.SG) / place(M.PL)
|
| ⲉⲃⲟⲧ |
month.M.SG |
month(M)[SG]
|
| ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ |
month:M.PL |
month(M)\PL
|
| ⲡⲉ |
sky.F |
sky(F)[SG]
|
| ⲡⲏⲩⲉ |
sky:F.PL |
sky(F)\PL
|
| ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ |
woman.F.SG |
woman(F)[SG]
|
| ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ |
woman.F.PL |
woman.F.PL
|
| nouns without grammatical gender (genderless nouns, Layton 2011: ...)
|
