Ancient Egyptian:Glossing recommendations

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Extra Glossing transcription line

Traditional Egyptological transliteration of Hieroglyphic Ancient Egyptian uses punctuation, too. This punctuation is in conflict with the punctuation as defined by the Glossing Rules.

Compare the following table:

Puctuation Meaning in
traditional transliterations of Ancient Egyptian
Meaning in
Glossing Rules
. Affix or prefix Portmanteau morpheme
= ‘Suffix’ pronoun Clitic
- Compound, or combined name phrase Affix
: Causal prefix s: (Unspecified) seperable morpheme
( ) Non-overt phonemes, scholarly reconstruction Inherent category
[ ] Completely destroyed text (lacuna),
potentially with reconstructed content
‘Zero’ morpheme
⌈ ⌉ Partially destroyed text,
potentially with reconstructed content
{ } Emendation of a scribal error (deletion),
or Certain orthographical convention
< > Emendation of a scribal error (addition) Infix
~ Reduplication morpheme
\ Transfix
_ Fixed phrase
\ Ablaut phenomenon
/ (Options) Ambigous morpheme

In order to prevent any confusion, it is strongly advisable or, as far as “-” and “=” are concerned, even mandatory not to use these symbols in their traditional meaning in the Glossing transcription line (directly above the Glossing line).

Problematic example
Egyptological transcription m=[ṯn] ⌈wj⌉ <r>ḫ{r}.k(w) s.t={t}<ṯ>n ḫnt(ï).t dwꜢ.t
Glosses ATTN-2PL =1SG get_to_know\RES-1SG.RES seat:F[SG]-2PL in_front-ADJZ-F netherworld:F[SG]
‘I know your place in the underworld’.
 

Consequently, the encoder needs to add an extra ‘Glossing transcription line’ between the Egyptological Transcription line and the Glossing line.

Example
Egyptological transcription m=[ṯn] ⌈wj⌉ <r>ḫ{r}.k(w) s.t={t}<ṯ>n ḫnt(ï).t dwꜢ.t
Glossing transcription m-ṯn =wj rḫ-kw st-ṯn ḫnt-ï-t dwꜢt
Glosses ATTN-2PL =1SG get_to_know\RES-1SG.RES seat:F[SG]-2PL in_front-ADJZ-F netherworld:F[SG]
‘I know your place in the underworld.’
 

In the Glossing transcription line, all symbols need to be used according to the Glossing Rules. In the Traditional transcription line, however, the encoder may use all the symbols according to his/her Egyptological tradition. Keep in mind that the number and sequence of “-” “=”, “~”, and “< >” in the Glossing transcription and the gloss needs to match exactly.

Hands-on transliteration transformation guidelines

To derive a valid Glossing transcription line from an Egyptological transcription line, the follwoing hand-on rules may help.

Compare the following table:

Egyptological transliteration line Glossing transliteration line
. - (affix) or
: (separable), respectively
: - (affix) or
: (separable), respectively
= - (affix) [to be discussed]
- new word, or, eventually,
= (clitic) or, eventually,
_ (fixed phrase)
( ) leave parentheses out; keep content
[ ] leave brackets out; keep content or leave it out
⌈ ⌉ leave brackets out; keep content
< > leave brackets out; keep content
{ } leave brackets and their content out

Common forms

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