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Akkadian:Glossing of common Akkadian forms
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From Glossing Ancient Languages
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=== Pronouns === ==== Personal pronouns ==== ===== Independent personal pronouns (OB; OA) ===== For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see ''GAG'' §41 g. Nominative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''anāku'' || anāku || 1SG.NOM || anāku || 1SG.C.NOM |- | ''attā'' || attā || 2SG.M.NOM || attā || 2SG.M.NOM |- | ''attī'' || attī || 2SG.F.NOM || attī || 2SG.F.NOM |- | ''šū''; ''šūt'' || šū; šūt || 3SG.M.NOM || šū; šūt || 3SG.M.NOM |- | ''šī''; ''šīt'' || šī; šīt || 3SG.F.NOM || šī; šīt || 3SG.F.NOM |- | ''nīnu''; ''nēnu'' || nīnu; nēnu || 1PL.NOM || nīnu; nēnu || 1PL.C.NOM |- | ''attunu'' || attune || 2PL.M.NOM || attunu || 2PL.M.NOM |- | ''attina'' || attina || 2PL.F.NOM || attina || 2PL.F.NOM |- | ''šunu'' || šunu || 3PL.M.NOM || šunu || 3PL.M.NOM |- | ''šina'' || šina || 3PL.F.NOM || šina || 3PL.F.NOM |} Genitive/Accusative (OA also dative) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''jâti'' || jâti || 1SG:GEN/ACC || jâti || 1SG.C:GEN/ACC |- | ''kâti'', ''kâta''; ''kuāti'', ''kuwāti'' || kâti, kâta; kuāti, kuwāti || 2SG.M:GEN/ACC || kâti, kâta; kuāti, kuwāti || 2SG.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''kâti''; ''kuāti'', ''kuwāti'' || kâti; kuāti, kuwāti || 2SG.F:GEN/ACC || kâti; kuāti, kuwāti || 2SG.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''šuāti'', ''šuātu'', ''šâti'', ''šātu '' || šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu || 3SG.M:GEN/ACC || šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu || 3SG.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''šuāti'', ''šâti'', ''šiāti'' || šuāti, šâti, šiāti || 3SG.F:GEN/ACC || šuāti, šâti, šiāti || 3SG.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''niāti'' || niāti || 1PL:GEN/ACC || niāti || 1PL.C:GEN/ACC |- | ''kunūti'' || kunūti || 2PL.M:GEN/ACC || kunūti || 2PL.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''kināti'' || kināti || 2PL.F:GEN/ACC || kināti || 2PL.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''šunūti'' || šunūti || 3PL.M:GEN/ACC || šunūti || 3PL.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''šināti'' || šināti || 3PL.F:GEN/ACC || šināti || 3PL.F:GEN/ACC |} Dative (only OB) {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''jâšim'', ''jâši'' || jâšim, jâši || 1SG:DAT || jâšim, jâši || 1SG.C:DAT |- | ''kâšim'' || kâšim || 2SG.M:DAT || kâšim || 2SG.M:DAT |- | ''kâšim'', ''kâši'' || kâšim, kâši || 2SG.F:DAT || kâšim, kâši || 2SG.F:DAT |- | ''šuāšim'', ''šâšim'', ''šâši'', ''šâšum'', ''šâšu'' || šuāšim, šâšim, šâši, šâšum, šâšu || 3SG.M:DAT || šuāšim, šâšim, šâši, šâšum, šâšu || 3SG.M:DAT |- | ''šuāšim'', ''šiāšim'', ''šâšim'', ''šâši'' || šuāšim, šiāšim, šâšim, šâši || 3SG.F:DAT || šuāšim, šiāšim, šâšim, šâši || 3SG.F:DAT |- | ''niâšim'' || niâšim || 1PL:DAT || niâšim || 1PL.C:DAT |- | ''kunūšim'', ''kunūši'' || kunūšim, kunūši || 2PL.M:DAT || kunūšim, kunūši || 2PL.M:DAT |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''šunūšim'', ''šunūši'' || šunūšim, šunūši || 3PL.M:DAT || šunūšim, šunūši || 3PL.M:DAT |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |} ===== Independent personal pronouns (later dialects; only A) ===== For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see ''GAG'' §41 i, j. Nominative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''anāku'' || anāku || 1SG.NOM || anāku || 1SG.C.NOM |- | ''attā'' || attā || 2SG.M.NOM || attā || 2SG.M.NOM |- | ''attī'' || attī || 2SG.F.NOM || attī || 2SG.F.NOM |- | ''šū''; ''šūt'' || šū; šūt || 3SG.M.NOM || šū; šūt || 3SG.M.NOM |- | ''šī''; ''šīt'' || šī; šīt || 3SG.F.NOM || šī; šīt || 3SG.F.NOM |- | ''nīnu'', ''nīni'', ''anēnu'', ''anēni''; ''nēnu'' || nīnu, nīni, anēnu, anēni; nēnu || 1PL.NOM || nīnu, nīni, anēnu, anēni; nēnu || 1PL.C.NOM |- | ''attunu'' || attune || 2PL.M.NOM || attunu || 2PL.M.NOM |- | ''attina'' || attina || 2PL.F.NOM || attina || 2PL.F.NOM |- | ''šunu'' || šunu || 3PL.M.NOM || šunu || 3PL.M.NOM |- | ''šina'' || šina || 3PL.F.NOM || šina || 3PL.F.NOM |} Genitive/Accusative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''jâti'' || jâti || 1SG:GEN/ACC || jâti || 1SG.C:GEN/ACC |- | ''kata'' || kata || 2SG.M:GEN/ACC || kata || 2SG.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''kâti'' || kâti || 2SG.F:GEN/ACC || kâti || 2SG.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''šuāti'', ''šuwāti'', ''šuātu'', ''šātu '' || šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu || 3SG.M:GEN/ACC || šuāti, šuātu, šâti, šātu || 3SG.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''šuāti'', ''šuwāti''; ''šiāti'' || šuāti, šuwāti; šiāti || 3SG.F:GEN/ACC || šuāti, šuwāti; šiāti || 3SG.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''niāti'', ''nijāti'' || niāti, nijāti || 1PL:GEN/ACC || niāti, nijāti || 1PL.C:GEN/ACC |- | ''kâtun'', ''kâtunu'' || kunūti || 2PL.M:GEN/ACC || kunūti || 2PL.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''-'' || kināti || 2PL.F:GEN/ACC || kināti || 2PL.F:GEN/ACC |- | ''šâtun'', ''šâtunu'', ''šunūti''; ''šunātunu'' || šâtun, šâtunu, šunūti; šunātunu || 3PL.M:GEN/ACC || šâtun, šâtunu, šunūti; šunātunu || 3PL.M:GEN/ACC |- | ''šâtina'', ''šināti''; ''šinātina'' || šâtina, šināti; šinātina || 3PL.F:GEN/ACC || šâtina, šināti; šinātina || 3PL.F:GEN/ACC |} Dative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''jâši'' || jâši || 1SG:DAT || jâši || 1SG.C:DAT |- | ''kâša''; ''kuāša'' || kâša; kuāša || 2SG.M:DAT || kâša; kuāša || 2SG.M:DAT |- | ''kâši'' || kâši || 2SG.F:DAT || kâši || 2SG.F:DAT |- | ''šâšu''; ''šuāšu '' || šâšu; šuāšu || 3SG.M:DAT || šâšu; šuāšu || 3SG.M:DAT |- | ''šâši'', ''šâša''; ''šuāša'' || šâši, šâša; šuāša || 3SG.F:DAT || šâši, šâša; šuāša || 3SG.F:DAT |- | ''nâši'' || nâši || 1PL:DAT || nâši || 1PL.C:DAT |- | ''kâšun'', ''kâšunu''; ''kunāšunu'' || kâšun, kâšunu; kunāšunu || 2PL.M:DAT || kâšun, kâšunu; kunāšunu || 2PL.M:DAT |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''šâšun'', ''šâšunu''; ''šunāšunu'' || šâšun, šâšunu; šunāšunu || 3PL.M:DAT || šâšun, šâšunu; šunāšunu || 3PL.M:DAT |- | ''šâšina'' || šâšina || 3PL.F:DAT || šâšina || 3PL.F:DAT |} ===== Suffix pronouns (OB; OA) ===== For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see ''GAG'' §42 g-i. Genitive {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-ī'', ''-ja'' || :ī, :ja || :1SG.GEN || -ī, -ja || -1SG.C.GEN |- | ''-ka'' || :ka || :2SG.M.GEN || -ka || -2SG.M.GEN |- | ''-ki'' || :ki || :2SG.F.GEN || -ki || -2SG.F.GEN |- | ''-šu'', ''-š'' || :šu, :š || :3SG.M.GEN || -šu, -š || -3SG.M.GEN |- | ''-ša'', ''-š'' || :ša, :š || :3SG.F.GEN || -ša, -š || -3SG.F.GEN |- | ''-ni'' || :ni || :1PL.GEN || -ni || -1PL.C.GEN |- | ''-kunu'', ''-kun'' || :kunu, :kun || :2PL.M.GEN || -kunu, -kun || -2PL.M.GEN |- | ''-kina'', ''-kin'' || :kina, :kin || :2PL.F.GEN || -kina, -kin || -2PL.F.GEN |- | ''-šunu'', ''-šun'' || :šunu, :šun || :3PL.M.GEN || -šunu, -šun || -3PL.M.GEN |- | ''-šina'', ''-šin'' || :šina, :šin || :3PL.F.GEN || -šina, -šin || -3PL.F.GEN |- | colspan="5" | '''Dual forms of the early period''' |- | ''-kunī'' || :kunī || :2DU.GEN || -kunī || -2DU.C.GEN |- | ''-šunī'' || :šunī || :3DU.GEN || -šunī || -3DU.C.GEN |} Accusative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-ni''; ''-ī'' || -ni; -ī || :1SG.ACC || -ni; -ī || -1SG.C.ACC |- | ''-ka'' || :ka || :2SG.M.ACC || -ka || -2SG.M.ACC |- | ''-ki'' || :ki || :2SG.F.ACC || -ki || -2SG.F.ACC |- | ''-šu'', ''-š'' || :šu, :š || :3SG.M.ACC || -šu, -š || -3SG.M.ACC |- | ''-ši'', ''-š'' || :ši, :š || :3SG.F.ACC || -ši, -š || -3SG.F.ACC |- | ''-niāti'' || :niāti || :1PL.ACC || -niāti || -1PL.C:ACC |- | ''-kunūti''; ''-kunu'' || :kunūti; :kunu || :2PL.M.ACC || -kunūti; <br/>-kunu || -2PL.M:ACC <br/>-2PL.M.ACC |- | ''-kināti''; ''-kina'' || :kināti; :kina || :2PL.F.ACC || -kināti; <br/>-kina || -2PL.F:ACC <br/>-2PL.F.ACC |- | ''-šunūti''; ''-šunu'' || :šunūti; :šunu || :3PL.M.ACC || -šunūti; <br/>-šunu || -3PL.M:ACC <br/>-3PL.M.ACC |- | ''-šināti'', ''-šina'' || :šināti, :šina || :3PL.F.ACC || -šināti, <br/>-šina || -3PL.F:ACC <br/>-3PL.F.ACC |- | colspan="5" | '''Dual forms of the early period''' |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''-šunī'', ''-šunīti'' || :šunī, :šunīti || :3DU.ACC || -šunī, <br/>-šunīti || -3DU.C.ACC <br/>-3DU.C:ACC |} Dative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-a'', ''-am'', ''-ni'', ''-nim'' || :a, :am, :ni, :nim || :1SG.DAT || -a, -ni, <br/>-am, -nim || -1SG.C.DAT <br/>-1SG.C:DAT |- | ''-ku'', ''-kum'' || :ku, :kum || :2SG.M.DAT || -ku, <br/>-kum || -2SG.M.DAT <br/>-2SG.M:DAT |- | ''-ki'', ''-kim'' || :ki, :kim || :2SG.F.DAT || -ki, <br/>-kim || -2SG.F.DAT <br/>-2SG.F:DAT |- | ''-šu'', ''-šum'' || :šu, :šum || :3SG.M.DAT || -šu, <br/>-šum || -3SG.M.DAT <br/>-3SG.M:DAT |- | ''-ši'', ''-šim'' || :ši, :šim || :3SG.F.DAT || -ši, <br/>-šim || -3SG.F.DAT <br/>-3SG.F:DAT |- | ''-niāši'', ''-niāšim''; ''-niāti '' || :niāši, :niāšim; :niāti || :1PL.DAT || -niāši, -niāšim; <br/>-niāti || -1PL.C:DAT <br/>-1PL.C.DAT |- | ''-kunūši'', ''-kunūšim''; <br/>-''kunūti'' || :kunūši, :kunūšim; <br/>:kunūti || :2PL.M.DAT || -kunūši, -kunūšim; <br/>-kunūti || -2PL.M:DAT <br/>-2PL.M.DAT |- | ''-kināši'', ''-kinašim; <br/>-kināti'' || :kināši, :kinašim; <br/>:kināti || :2PL.F.DAT || -kināši, -kinašim; <br/>-kināti || -2PL.F:DAT <br/>-2PL.F.DAT |- | ''-šunūši'', ''-šunūšim''; <br/>''-šunūti'' || :šunūši, :šunūšim; <br/>:šunūti || :3PL.M.DAT || -šunūši, -šunūšim; <br/>-šunūti || -3PL.M:DAT <br/>-3PL.M.DAT |- | ''-šināši'', ''-šināšim''; <br/>''-šināti'' || :šināši, :šināšim; <br/>:šināti || :3PL.F.DAT || -šināši, -šināšim; <br/>-šināti || -3PL.F:DAT <br/>-3PL.F.DAT |- | colspan="5" | '''Dual forms of the early period''' |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''-šunīšim'' || :šunīšim || :3DU.DAT || -šunīšim || -3DU.C:DAT |} ===== Suffix pronouns (later dialects; only A) ===== For (even more) seldom used forms and explanations, see ''GAG'' §42 j-k. Genitive {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-ī'', ''-ja'', ''-ā'' || :ī, :ja, :ā || :1SG.GEN || -ī, -ja, -ā || -1SG.C.GEN |- | ''-ka'', ''-k'' || :ka, :k || :2SG.M.GEN || -ka, -k || -2SG.M.GEN |- | ''-ki'', ''-k'', ''-ku'' || :ki, :k, :ku || :2SG.F.GEN || -ki, -k, -ku || -2SG.F.GEN |- | ''-šu'', ''-š'' || :šu, :š || :3SG.M.GEN || -šu, -š || -3SG.M.GEN |- | ''-ša'', ''-š'' || :ša, :š || :3SG.F.GEN || -ša, -š || -3SG.F.GEN |- | ''-ni'' || :ni || :1PL.GEN || -ni || -1PL.C.GEN |- | ''-kunu'', ''-kun'' || :kunu, :kun || :2PL.M.GEN || -kunu, -kun || -2PL.M.GEN |- | ''-kina'', ''-kin'' || :kina, :kin || :2PL.F.GEN || -kina, -kin || -2PL.F.GEN |- | ''-šunu'', ''-šun'' || :šunu, :šun || :3PL.M.GEN || -šunu, -šun || -3PL.M.GEN |- | ''-šina'', ''-šin'' || :šina, :šin || :3PL.F.GEN || -šina, -šin || -3PL.F.GEN |} Accusative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-ni'' || -ni || :1SG.ACC || -ni || -1SG.C.ACC |- | ''-ka'', ''-k'' || :ka, :k || :2SG.M.ACC || -ka, -k || -2SG.M.ACC |- | ''-ki'', ''-k'', ''-ku'' || :ki, :k, :ku || :2SG.F.ACC || -ki, -k, -ku || -2SG.F.ACC |- | ''-šu'', ''-š'' || :šu, :š || :3SG.M.ACC || -šu, -š || -3SG.M.ACC |- | ''-ši'', ''-š'' || :ši, :š || :3SG.F.ACC || -ši, -š || -3SG.F.ACC |- | ''-niāti'', ''-nâti'' || :niāti, :nâti || :1PL.ACC || -niāti, -nâti || -1PL.C:ACC |- | ''-kunūti''; ''-kunu'' || :kunūti; :kunu || :2PL.M.ACC || -kunūti; <br/>-kunu || -2PL.M:ACC <br/>-2PL.M.ACC |- | ''-kināti''; ''-kina'' || :kināti; :kina || :2PL.F.ACC || -kināti; <br/>-kina || -2PL.F:ACC <br/>-2PL.F.ACC |- | ''-šunūti''; ''-šunu'' || :šunūti; :šunu || :3PL.M.ACC || -šunūti; <br/>-šunu || -3PL.M:ACC <br/>-3PL.M.ACC |- | ''-šināti'', ''-šina'' || :šināti, :šina || :3PL.F.ACC || -šināti, <br/>-šina || -3PL.F:ACC <br/>-3PL.F.ACC |} Dative {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''-a'', ''-ni''; ''-ne'' || :a, :ni; :ne || :1SG.DAT || -a, -ni; -ne || -1SG.C.DAT |- | ''-ku'', ''-ka'', ''-kam'' || :ku, :ka, :kam || :2SG.M.DAT || -ku, -ka, <br/>-kum || -2SG.M.DAT <br/>-2SG.M:DAT |- | ''-ki'' || :ki || :2SG.F.DAT || -ki || -2SG.F.DAT |- | ''-šu'' || :šu || :3SG.M.DAT || -šu || -3SG.M.DAT |- | ''-ši''; ''-še'' || :ši; :še || :3SG.F.DAT || -ši; -še || -3SG.F.DAT |- | ''-nâši'', ''-nâšu '' || :nâši, :nâšu || :1PL.DAT || -nâši, -nâšu || -1PL.C:DAT |- | ''-kunūši''; ''-kunu'' || :kunūši; :kunu || :2PL.M.DAT || -kunūši; <br/>-kunu || -2PL.M:DAT <br/>-2PL.M.DAT |- | ''-kināši'' || :kināši || :2PL.F.DAT || -kināši || -2PL.F:DAT |- | ''-šunūši''; <br/>''-šunu'' || :šunūši; :šunu || :3PL.M.DAT || -šunūši; <br/>-šunu || -3PL.M:DAT-3PL.M.DAT |- | ''-šināši'' || :šināši || :3PL.F.DAT || -šināši || -3PL.F:DAT |} ==== Independent possessive pronouns (B; A) ==== For detailed information, see ''GAG'' §44 c-d. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''jāʾum'', ''jûm'', ''jû''; ''jāʾu'', ''ijjû'' || jāʾum, jûm, jû; jāʾu, ijjû || 1SG.POSS.M.SG || jāʾum, jûm, jû; jāʾu, ijjû || 1SG.POSS.M.SG |- | ''jatum'', ''jattum'', ''jattun'', ''juttun''; ''ijjātu'' || jatum, jattum, jattun, juttun; ijjātu || 1SG.POSS.F.SG || jatum, jattum, jattun, juttun; ijjātu || 1SG.POSS:F.SG |- | ''jāʾūtun'', ''jûtun''; ''jāʾūtum '' || jāʾūtun, jûtun; jāʾūtum || 1SG.POSS.M.PL || jāʾūtun, jûtun; jāʾūtum || 1SG.POSS:M.PL |- | ''jâttun''; ''jâtum'' || jâttun; jâtum || 1SG.POSS.F.PL || jâttun; jâtum || 1SG.POSS:F.PL |- | ''kû'', ''kûm''; ''kuwāʾum'', ''kuāʾum'', ''kuʾāu'', ''ikkû'' || kû, kûm; kuwāʾum, kuāʾum, kuʾāu, ikkû || 2SG.POSS.M.SG || kû, kûm; kuwāʾum, kuāʾum, kuʾāu, ikkû || 2SG.POSS.M.SG |- | ''katum'', ''kattum''; ''kuwātum'', ''kuātum'' || katum, kattum; kuwātum, kuātum || 2SG.POSS.F.SG || katum, kattum; kuwātum, kuātum || 2SG.POSS:F.SG |- | ''kuttun'', ''kuttin''; ''kuwāʾūtum'', ''kuāʾūtum'' || kuttun, kuttin; kuwāʾūtum, kuāʾūtum || 2SG.POSS.M.PL || kuttun, kuttin; kuwāʾūtum, kuāʾūtum || 2SG.POSS:M.PL |- | ''kâttun'', ''kâttin''; ''kuwātum'', ''kuātum'' || kâttun, kâttin; kuwātum, kuātum || 2SG.POSS.F.PL || kâttun, kâttin; kuwātum, kuātum || 2SG.POSS:F.PL |- | ''šûm'', ''šû''; ''šuwāʾum'', ''šuāʾum'' || šûm, šû; šuwāʾum, šuāʾum || 3SG.POSS.M.SG || šûm, šû; šuwāʾum, šuāʾum || 3SG.POSS.M.SG |- | ''šattum''; ''šuwātum'', ''šuātum'' || šattum; šuwātum, šuātum || 3SG.POSS.F.SG || šattum; šuwātum, šuātum || 3SG.POSS:F.SG |- | ''šuttun'', ''šuttin/šutten'' || šuttun, šuttin/šutten || 3SG.POSS.M.PL || šuttun, šuttin/šutten || 3SG.POSS:M.PL |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''nûm''; ''niʾāʾum'', ''innû'' || nûm; niʾāʾum, innû || 1PL.POSS.M.SG || nûm; niʾāʾum, innû || 1PL.POSS.M.SG |- | ''niātum'', ''nuttum'' || niātum, nuttum || 1PL.POSS.F.SG || niātum, nuttum || 1PL.POSS:F.SG |- | ''nuttum''; ''niʾāʾūtum'', ''innûte'' || nuttum; niʾāʾūtum, innûte || 1PL.POSS.M.PL || nuttum; niʾāʾūtum, innûte || 1PL.POSS:M.PL |- | ''-''; ''niʾâtum'' || -; niʾâtum || 1PL.POSS.F.PL || -; niʾâtum || 1PL.POSS:F.PL |- | ''-''; ''kunūʾum'', ''kunāʾu'', ''ikkanû'' || -; kunūʾum, kunāʾu, ikkanû || 2PL.POSS.M.SG || -; kunūʾum, kunāʾu, ikkanû || 2PL.POSS.M.SG |- | ''-''; ''kunūtum'' || -; kunūtum || 2PL.POSS.F.SG || -; kunūtum || 2PL.POSS:F.SG |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''-''; ''kunūʾātum'' || -; kunūʾātum || 2PL.POSS.F.PL || -; kunūʾātum || 2PL.POSS:F.PL |- | ''šunûm''; ''iššanû'', ''iššunû'' || šunûm; iššanû, iššunû || 3PL.POSS.M.SG || šunûm; iššanû, iššunû || 3PL.POSS.M.SG |- | ''-''; ''šunūtum'' || -; šunūtum || 3PL.POSS.F.SG || -; šunūtum || 3PL.POSS:F.SG |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |- | ''-'' || - || || - || |} ==== Demonstrative pronouns (B; A) ==== For detailed information and more forms, see ''GAG'' §45. Proximal {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''annûm'', ''annû''; ''annium'', ''anniu'' || annûm, annû; annium, anniu || this.M.SG:NOM || ann-ûm, ann-û; anni-um, anni-u || DEM.PROX.M.SG-NOM |- | ''annîm'', ''annî''; ''annê'' || annîm, annî; annê || this.M.SG:GEN || ann-îm, ann-î; ann-ê || DEM.PROX.M.SG-GEN |- | ''anniam'', ''annâ'' || anniam, annâ || this.M.SG:ACC || anni-am, ann-â || DEM.PROX.M.SG-ACC |- | ''annītum'', ''annītu'' || annītum, annītu || this:F.SG:NOM || annī-t-um, annī-t-u || DEM.PROX-F.SG-NOM |- | ''annītim'', ''annīti''; ''annīte '' || annītim, annīti; annīte || this:F.SG:GEN || annī-t-im, annī-t-i; annī-t-e || DEM.PROX-F.SG-GEN |- | ''annītam'', ''annīta'' || annītam, annīta || this:F.SG:ACC || annī-t-am, annī-t-a || DEM.PROX-F.SG-ACC |- | ''annûtum'', ''annûtu''; ''anniūtum'' || annûtum, annûtu; anniūtum || these:M.PL:NOM || ann-ût-um, ann-ût-u; anni-ūt-um || DEM.PROX-M.PL-NOM |- | ''annûtim'', ''annûti''; ''anniūtim'', ''annûte'' || annûtim, annûti; anniūtim, annûte || these:M.PL:GEN/ACC || ann-ût-im, ann-ût-i; anni-ūt-im, ann-ût-e || DEM.PROX-M.PL-GEN/ACC |- | ''anniātum'', ''annâtu'', ''annêtu'' || anniātum, annâtu, annêtu || these:F.PL:NOM || anni-āt-um, ann-ât-u, ann-êt-u || DEM.PROX-F.PL-NOM |- | ''anniātim'', ''annâti'', ''annêti''; ''annâte'' || anniātim, annâti, annêti; annâte || these:F.PL:GEN/ACC || anni-āt-im, ann-ât-i, ann-êt-i; ann-ât-e || DEM.PROX-F.PL-GEN/ACC |- | colspan="5" | '''only Old-Akkadian''' |- | ''annîn'' || annîn || these:ACC.DU || ann-în || these-DU.ACC |} Distal {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''ullûm'', ''ullû''; ''ammium'', ''ammiu'' || ullûm, ullû; ammium, ammiu || that.M.SG:NOM || ull-ûm, ull-û; ammi-um, ammi-u || DEM.DIST.M.SG-NOM |- | ''ullîm'', ''ullî''; ''ammîm'', ''ammê'' || ullîm, ullî; ammîm, ammê || that.M.SG:GEN || ull-îm, ull-î; amm-îm, amm-ê || DEM.DIST.M.SG-GEN |- | ''ullâm'', ''ullâ''; ''ammiam'', ''ammia'' || ullâm, ullâ; ammiam, ammia || that.M:ACC.SG || ull-âm, ull-â; ammi-am, ammi-a || DEM.DIST.M.SG-ACC |- | ''ullītum'', ''ullītu''; ''ammītum'', ''ammītu'' || ullītum, ullītu; ammītum, ammītu || that:F.SG:NOM || ullī-t-um, ullī-t-u; ammī-t-um, ammī-t-u || DEM.DIST-F.SG-NOM |- | ''ullītim'', ''ullīti''; ''ammītim'', ''ammīte'' || ullītim, ullīti; ammītim, ammīte || that:F.SG:GEN || ullī-t-im, ullī-t-i; ammī-t-im, ammī-t-e || DEM.DIST-F.SG-GEN |- | ''ullītam'', ''ullīta''; ''ammītam'', ''ammīta'' || ullītam, ullīta; ammītam, ammīta || that:F.SG:ACC || ullī-t-am, ullī-t-a; ammī-t-am, ammī-t-a || DEM.DIST-F.SG-ACC |- | ''ullûtum'', ''ullûtu''; ''ammiūtum'', ''ammûtu'' || ullûtum, ullûtu; ammiūtum, ammûtu || those:M.PL:NOM || ull-ût-um, ull-ût-u; ammi-ūt-um, amm-ût-u || DEM.DIST-M.PL-NOM |- | ''ullûtim'', ''ullûti''; ''ammiūtim'', ''ammûte'' || ullûtim, ullûti; ammiūtim, ammûte || those:M.PL:GEN/ACC || ull-ût-im, ull-ût-i; ammi-ūt-im, amm-ût-e || DEM.DIST-M.PL-GEN/ACC |- | ''ulliātum'', ''ullâtu''; ''ammiātum'', ''ammâtu'' || ulliātum, ullâtu; ammiātum, ammâtu || those:F.PL:NOM || ulli-āt-um, ull-ât-u; ammi-āt-um, amm-â-tu || DEM.DIST-F.PL-NOM |- | ''ulliātim'', ''ullâti''; ''ammiātim'', ''ammâte'' || ulliātim, ullâti; ammiātim, ammâte || those:F.PL:GEN/ACC || ulli-āt-im, ull-ât-i; ammi-āt-im, amm-ât-e || DEM.DIST-F.PL-GEN/ACC |} Ãsdà<±�ü<#Î"D^NV�¯� ò>²¯��ÆÊ)r�*»Pnyò¤¼.oÈ"ìZ9�©Æ©j Ú¨²U>¨õ:Æ:·rt¾~ªZª`U²êc¬+!VÈ!]àwO Ü��Í8�GÑÿ\"���EiÎEx£2+2È<�û�Uܧæ2} /þ�±��ªTñÖ+*�ÏåÝÔs)Ý�T�mã¢@}-Ñi�È�j£�©hÚ��-�{ÄnnIÙ¢©è)VIâBÞD è÷7i �ç1´ ø�<�q:�ee2Ï ¦þ:¡¸�'ñ]B�4U¥Ñkô»�¿D�éfprÕ$ði'-Ã~FùSzÂÚ¿�ºIÐ(�~IÅÔë�¥C� È�+²Ù" id½¬&Ò]ú�ÝÔ»ÐQ-AÒëÁ¡júÙoä× 2Ú�Ý ¡6PL!ºd/^�¿ê�¥Û`I"TÝ úP�M�õ�úYþ*ºÿ?¾Ç³O¸6?á x¢)�ÆOç9�:lóûyþ¿+F9tËsuN�ôxü�nÆù|>f% Ú3h%:ú ºÙF�©O·è�bo"¨65@¼�û«4Bô{©�W ÑÐlMp¼åoÁ,ÓP½UÐó^hã.8ÑöÑ9�\��¥býPÌÓ�u�o�ÎÛñN�¨�G·w87�c±Þ+i�¨.þïªmêºâ÷Þ÷á÷l'~NBâÜÇM�â4_Npñkl�¶(@ 6ª©óÕ�6M¤X5)�=D¥UÕ6þè¤hLZ�ƨ-ÑÊVRÅ´?6Ô¢©&2$b{ç>'i2i{~¾ï|Ý{Î=÷wï;�}�Ù.[qµÁ¹ÄÇa¬£Ð�xèEq�Và&ê5Éý�òÝ�4wáA¿�ìÐj�@ýÂß1Am¥Cå(9Å}�ï2Èß ·�=g! �Ì£và�QOé�Äð)æx�ÿÉâGdº<Ï+}�ý�ý�ÖDçÏÚüëü�þ>xlLï>¶o ?Ú×ÓÝõ\g¤co{[¸uOËîP°YÛ¥Ò¦F¿Ïëi¨ßQW[ãV\ÕUN]l¢Às�£¶6£f(gò!íàÁvÆkã �ß"È�DCÛmL³ÌèvK�,_ý/K½b©oZb ÆP¬½¦4j~Ôh��M�ý¤¡æªEXô�®�ZU¡�MyfÔÄ92ÎÎ�©\�Ë;ì -1mooCy»�H�Pfv&�öc ©<AR��eú´dÊôjI�É�SãSæáÑt*éWÕL{�Ú´AÓ�¶LPÂrc Óf¹¡§ØlÐ%o[1.��4�;§´©ñÓ&7a>Üað4�¾ûÐó5�×$Òó[µ~ÎHyNQÆ�Æ<5WFÓ[µ*k3���úàPÎ��×!ÃG)x#�2i�_�Íͪ2¿i-Å$¹ÓÔµAmÆ8¥ñ�&:r^]ðùô¥ò�äKQc,©fܯeÆù:d�9¿èÕ©w»¦½-¯¸+ÍW»Ö gÕVbzSgQ9£lf�³´o� L:I!´�s²f:É(ÁÁÐË�9eÊ¡�09ëo AE£ÆW�� ~¹]2¾.�ÊW�'P�ý�mÃfk+-�k 1î·øö¶³�Ò«Q(< }è0äv<3Ð�éWU¶À :�Æ�MWx&ü�Hï�gLc ÍcL3·¡ÙìÓ�É7�¼£Ð�S mÞ.¥¾653`âúÿ£®èjã'Ò4eäÖs;<¶«è£ºuʬM¤9?Y§³´�Ê7�v|�nÑ�õÉ�(-�¦C¦;Xi3vUý} 6iK§Bù¬õøºÛzæ@x;¿o�¿-:§ÁA¼|�0�û6Ý��@1¤Ñ!#g�Ês��U4c\#×3©ÜÆ�ÊËüæÐå�Lb���X �Ìkøâh^Ç�H/)�Ñcé�I"7É7.½�õnI 2!c(cÐ0�/�ɲ÷/é�ÍYZÞ�Xüd�#K&mÈ0,L©8 Yt¨4'�|E£oXó *²¹u˺µ�� i�éÈRV.vh$ÆÒ[á`í±L»e�øAýaC7�.¶�ëµHàK�²Ûø�F^I�Jû��e·�yÂÊX1vHy��)ÆP�he ÎêVÝAh0DºF¹5]@Ï�åW �ê�q!a�Éè¸.¼A.�ð�¼gñ����rò7,`äá{* ÓÇ$«W oâ)oò<ïµ/ãkPxÂà9��a1óxìqvµ¿3²ªê�m=½Í}]\¨ôÅÿø�L"�yíJªÜüñ÷Y�]P�:!�ë¯üÚsÓ·ä¿ËÿÎsÏsÏ{Ï'%üÆDà¸÷'üÛëü{裨Eìó�ä�7á=ÍÞf�W�âó�=WýW�¯�®7^�H5( �h 3p6ðfàJà³�(Wôúº�Ý�¢8]��QD(@qÁ!P-ÖÔw£�ùé"ÁNW��×µ&g8u;ß«�äûõõP�`äkrÝWÎ�ïÎOkÍ{äñê!åÉl,6¢¬¢x1<û�Ò�ÎÎÆÜ5ýØÝ�ÎÂ.\BòʻŰà²�zµÒÏKJ¿ ¹áéî�[W&/2hè�Ùïõ�-fÕ4��w6Ó�ÁÙáÑôÈ�oFø�Ê�¢Ñh�Ïf³YìV{kúzûz{ºCÚ.Ñ�ìmîz� � ==== Determinative/Relative pronoun ==== Full declination in OAKK only. Later ''ša'' is used in all cases. For detailed information, see ''GAG'' §46. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''šu'' || šu || DET/REL.M.SG.NOM || š:u || DET/REL.M.SG:NOM |- | ''ši'' || ši || DET/REL.M.SG.GEN || š:i || DET/REL.M.SG:GEN |- | ''ša'' || ša || DET/REL.M.SG.ACC || š:a || DET/REL.M.SG:ACC |- | ''šāt'' || šāt || DET/REL.F.SG.NOM/GEN/ACC || šāt || DET/REL.F.SG.NOM/GEN/ACC |- | ''šūt'' || šūt || DET/REL.PL.NOM || šūt || DET/REL.C.PL.NOM |} ==== Interrrogative and indefinite pronouns ==== For further information, see ''GAG'' §47. Indefinite pronouns are formed by reduplication of the interrogative and demonstrative pronouns, see ''GAG'' §48. For more forms, see ''GAG'' §48. Substantival and personal {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''mannum'', ''mannu'' || mannum, mannu || who:NOM || mann-um, mann-u || INDF.NA-NOM |- | ''mannim'', ''manni'' || mannim, manni || whose:GEN || mann-im, mann-i || INDF.NA-GEN |- | ''mannam'', ''manna'' || mannam, manna || whom:ACC || mann-am, mann-a || INDF.NA-ACC |} Substantival and inpersonal {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''mīnûm'', ''mīnû''; ''mīnum'', ''mīnu '' || mīnûm, mīnû; mīnum, mīnu || what:NOM || mīn-ûm, mīn-û; mīn-um, mīn-u || INDF.NI-NOM |- | ''minim'', ''mīnî''; ''mīnim'', ''mīni'' || minim, mīnî; mīnim, mīni || of_what:GEN || min-im, mīn-î; mīn-im, mīn-i || INDF.NI-GEN |- | ''mīnâm'', ''mīnâ''; ''mīnam'', ''mina'' || mīnâm, mīnâ; mīnam, mīna || what:ACC || mīn-âm, mīn-â; mīn-am, mīn-a || INDF.NI-ACC |} Adjectival {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''ajjum'', ''ajju'' || ajjum, ajju || which.M.SG:NOM || ajj-um, ajj-u || which(M)[SG]-NOM |- | ''ajjim'', ''ajji'' || ajjim, ajji || of_which.M.SG:GEN || ajj-im, ajj-i || which(M)[SG]-GEN |- | ''ajjam'', ''ajja'' || ajjam, ajja || which.M.SG:ACC || ajj-am, ajj-a || which(M)[SG]-ACC |- | ''ajjītum'', ''ajjītu'' || ajjītum, ajjītu || which:F.SG:NOM || ajj-īt-um, ajj-īt-u || which-F.SG-NOM |- | ''ajjītim'', ''ajjīti'' || ajjītim, ajjīti || of_which:F.SG:GEN || ajj-īt-im, ajj-īt-i || which-F.SG-GEN |- | ''ajjītam'', ''ajjīta'' || ajjītam, ajjīta || which:F.SG:ACC || ajj-īt-am, ajj-īt-a || which-F.SG-ACC |- | ''ajjūtum'', ''ajjūtu'' || ajjūtum, ajjūtu || which:M.PL:NOM || ajj-ūt-um, ajj-ūt-u || which-M.PL-NOM |- | ''ajjūtim'', ''ajjūti'' || ajjūtim, ajjūti || which:M.PL:GEN/ACC || ajj-ūt-im, ajj-ūt-i || which-M.PL-GEN/ACC |- | ''ajjātum'', ''ajjātu'' || ajjātum, ajjātu || which:F.PL:NOM || ajj-āt-um, ajj-āt-u || which-F.PL-NOM |- | ''ajjātim'', ''ajjāti'' || ajjātim, ajjāti || which:F.PL:GEN/ACC || ajj-āt-im, ajj-āt-i || which-F.PL-GEN/ACC |} Indefinite pronouns {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''mamman'' || mamman || anybody || mam:man || anybody |- | ''mamma'' || mamma || anybody.PTCL || mam=ma || anybody=PTCL |- | ''mimma'' || mimma || anything.PTCL || mim=ma || anything=PTCL |- | ''ajjumma'' || ajjumma || any.M.SG:NOM.PTCL || ajj-um=ma || any(M)[SG]-NOM=PTCL |- | ''ajjamma'' || ajjamma || any.M.SG:ACC.PCTL || ajj-am=ma || any(M)[SG]-ACC=PTCL |- | ''ajjītumma'' || ajjītumma || any:F.SG:NOM.PCTL || ajjī-t-um=ma || any-F.SG-NOM=PTCL |- | ''ajjūtumma'' || ajjūtumma || any:M.PL:NOM.PCTL || ajj-ūt-um=ma || any-M.PL-NOM=PTCL |- | ''ajjātumma'' || ajjātumma || any:F.PL:NOM.PCTL || ajj-āt-um=ma || any-F.PL-NOM=PTCL |- | ''annanna'' || annanna || Nomen_nominandum || ann~anna || DEM.PROX~DEM.PROX |- | ''annannītum'', ''annannītu'' || annannītum, annannītu || Nomen_nominandum:F.SG:NOM || ann~annī-t-um, annannītu || DEM.PROX~DEM.PROX-F.SG-NOM |}
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