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Hittite:Glossing of common Hittite forms
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==== i-Stem ==== ===== Common Gender i-Stem Nouns ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''ḫalkiš'' || ''ḫalkiš'' || grain:C.NOM.SG || ''ḫalki-š'' || grain-C.NOM.SG |- | ''ḫalkin'' || ''ḫalkin'' || grain:C.ACC.SG || ''ḫalki-n'' || grain-C.ACC.SG |- | ''ḫalkiaš'' || ''ḫalkiaš'' || grain.C:GEN.SG || ''ḫalki-aš'' || grain.C-GEN.SG |- | ''ḫalki'' || ''ḫalki'' || grain.C:DATLOC.SG || ''ḫalk-i'' || grain.C-DATLOC.SG |- | ''ḫalkiyaza'' || ''ḫalkiyaza'' || grain.C:ABL || ''ḫalkiy-aza'' || grain.C-ABL |- | ''ḫalkit'' || ''ḫalkit'' || grain.C:INS || ''ḫalk-it'' || grain.C-INS |- | ''ḫalkiēš'' || ''ḫalkiēš'' || grain:C.NOM.PL || ''ḫalki-ēš'' || grain-C.NOM.PL |- | ''ḫalkiuš'' || ''ḫalkiuš'' || grain:C.ACC.PL || ''ḫalki-uš'' || grain-C.ACC.PL |- | ''ḫalkiaš'' || ''ḫalkiaš'' || grain.C:GEN.PL || ''ḫalki-aš'' || grain.C-GEN.PL |- | ''ḫalkiaš'' || ''ḫalkiaš'' || grain.C:DATLOC.PL || ''ḫalki-aš'' || grain.C-DATLOC.PL |} Cf. Hoffner & Melchert 2008: §4.23, p. 88. ===== Neuter i-Stem Nouns ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''tuppi'' || ''tuppi'' || clay_tablet.N.NOM/ACC.SG || ''tuppi'' || clay_tablet.N.NOM/ACC.SG |- | ''tuppianza'' || ''tuppianza'' || clay_tablet.N:ANIM:C.NOM.SG || ''tuppi-an-za'' || clay_tablet.N-ANIM-C.NOM.SG |- | ''tuppiaš'' || ''tuppiaš'' || clay_tablet.N:GEN.SG || ''tuppi-aš'' || clay_tablet.N-GEN.SG |- | ''tuppi'' || ''tuppi'' || clay_tablet.N:DATLOC.SG || ''tupp-i'' || clay_tablet.N-DATLOC.SG |- | ''tuppiaz'' || ''tuppiaz'' || clay_tablet.N:ABL || ''tuppi-az'' || clay_tablet.N-ABL |} Cf. Hoffner & Melchert 2008: §4.24, p. 90. One often finds the form ''tuppianza ''referred to as an ergative (ERG) (e.g. Hoffner & Melchert 2008: §3.8, §3.21), which is somewhat misleading. The ending ''-anza ''is not an actual case ending. In fact, Hittite does not have an ergative case at all, even though one often finds the term in the literature. In Hittite, a neuter noun cannot function as the subject of a transitive verb. In case it was necessary that a neuter noun functioned as the subject of a transitive verb, the noun was “animatized” by attaching the suffix ''-ant-'' to the stem of the noun. This suffix transforms the gender of the noun from neuter into common gender. Additionally, the common gender nominative case ending is attached (Kloekhorst 2008:184f.). Thus, ''tuppianza'' it is an “animatized” form of the neuter ''tuppi- ''‘clay tablet’ and contains both the suffix ''-ant- ''and the case ending of the common gender nominative singular ''-š''. The gloss suggested above uses ANIM for the “animatizing” suffix -''ant-''. ===== i-Stem Adjectives ===== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Traditional !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert |- | ''karūiliš'' || ''karūiliš'' || old.ADJ:NOM.SG.C || ''karūili-š'' || old.ADJ:NOM.SG.C |- | ''karūilin'' || ''karūilin'' || old.ADJ:ACC.SG.C || ''karūili-n'' || old.ADJ:ACC.SG.C |- | ''karūili'' || ''karūili'' || old.ADJ.NOM/ACC.SG.N || ''karūili'' || old.ADJ.NOM/ACC.SG.N |- | ''karūiliyaš'' || ''karūiliyaš'' || old.ADJ:GEN.SG || ''karūiliy-aš'' || old.ADJ:GEN.SG |- | ''karūili'' || ''karūili'' || old.ADJ:DATLOC.SG || ''karūil-i'' || old.ADJ:DATLOC.SG |- | ''karūiliyaz'' || ''karūiliyaz'' || old.ADJ:ABL || ''karūiliy-az'' || old.ADJ:ABL |- | ''karūi[li]t'' || ''karūilit'' || old.ADJ:INS || ''karūil-it'' || old.ADJ:INS |- | ''karūilieš'' || ''karūilieš'' || old.ADJ:NOM.PL.C || ''karūili-eš'' || old.ADJ:NOM.PL.C |- | ''karūiliuš'' || ''karūiliuš'' || old.ADJ:ACC.PL.C || ''karūili-uš'' || old.ADJ:ACC.PL.C |- | ''karūila'' || ''karūila'' || old.ADJ:NOM/ACC.PL.N || ''karūil-a'' || old.ADJ:NOM/ACC.PL.N |- | ''karūiliyaš'' || ''karūiliyaš'' || old.ADJ:DATLOC.PL || ''karūiliy-aš'' || old.ADJ:DATLOC.PL |} Cf. Hoffner & Melchert 2008: §4.38, p.96.
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