Later Egyptian:Glossing of common Sahidic Coptic forms: Difference between revisions

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What follows is a list of '''Earlier Egyptian''' (Middle Egyptian, Old Egyptian) grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing.  
{{Red|### Under construction ###}}
 
What follows is a list of '''Sahidic Coptic''' grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing.  


Please contribute to the list or to the '''discussion of the glossing of specific forms'''.
Please contribute to the list or to the '''discussion of the glossing of specific forms'''.
Line 6: Line 8:
=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
==== Personal pronouns ====
==== Personal pronouns ====
===== ‘Suffix pronouns’ =====
===== Suffix pronouns =====
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|}
|}
===== ‘Personal second pronouns’ (Layton 2011, § 390e) =====  
 
===== Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e) =====  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ || -3PL
| -ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ || -3PL
|}
===== Independent personal pronouns =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced
|-
| colspan="5" | '''unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71)'''
|-
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ || 1SG
|-
| ⲛⲧⲟⲕ || 2SG.M
|-
| ⲛⲧⲟ || 2SG.F
|-
| ⲛⲧⲟϥ || 3SG.M
|-
| ⲛⲧⲟⲥ || 3SG.F
|-
| ⲁⲛⲟⲛ || 1PL
|-
| ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ|| 2PL
|-
| ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ || 3PL
|-
| colspan="5" | '''bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79)'''
|-
| ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= || 1SG.M
|-
| ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= || 2SG.M
|-
| ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= || 2SG.F
|-
| ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= || 1PL
|-
| ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= || 2PL
|}
===== Prefixed personal pronouns =====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced
|-
| colspan="5" | '''in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78)'''
|-
| ϯ- || 1SG-
|-
| ⲕ-, ⲅ- || 2SG.M-
|-
| ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ-  || 2SG.F-
|-
| ϥ- || 3SG.M-
|-
| ⲥ- || 3SG.F-
|-
| ⲧⲛ-  || 1PL-
|-
| ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL-
|-
| ⲥⲉ- || 3PL-
|-
| colspan="5" | '''in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern)'''
|-
| ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, || 1SG-
|-
| ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- || 2SG.M-
|-
| ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) || 2SG.F-
|-
| ϥ-, ⲉϥ- || 3SG.M-
|-
| ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- || 3SG.F-
|-
| ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- || 1PL-
|-
| ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- || 2PL-
|-
| ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- || 3PL-
|-
|}
==== Demonstrative pronouns ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
| colspan="5" | '''Proximal'''
|-
| ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ || this:M || DEM.PROX:M.SG
|-
| ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ || this:F || DEM.PROX:F.SG
|-
| ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ || these || DEM.PROX:PL
|-
| colspan="5" | '''Distal'''
|-
| ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG
|-
| ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG
|-
| ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ || those || DEM.DIST:PL
|-
| colspan="5" | '''Distal ('Affective')'''
|-
| ⲡⲏ || that:M || DEM.DIST:M.SG
|-
| ⲧⲏ || that:F || DEM.DIST:F.SG
|-
| ⲛⲏ || those || DEM.DIST:PL
|-
|}
==== Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
| colspan= "5" | '''with following Noun phrase'''
|-
| ⲡⲁ= || the_one:M_of= || POSS:M.SG=
|-
| ⲧⲁ= || the_one:F_of= || POSS:F.SG=
|-
| ⲛⲁ= || the_one:PL_of= || POSS:PL=
|-
| colspan= "5" | '''with following Suffix pronoun'''
|-
| ⲡⲱ || mine:M, yours:M, ... || POSS:M.SG
|-
| ⲧⲱ || mine:F, yours:F, ... || POSS:F.SG
|-
| ⲛⲟⲩ || mine:PL, yours:PL, ... || POSS:PL
|-
|}
=== Determiners ===
==== Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
| colspan="5" | '''indefinite'''
|-
|  ||  || ''long'' || ''short''
|-
| ⲟⲩ= || a= || INDF.ART.SG= || INDF.SG=
|-
| ϩⲉⲛ= || – || INDF.ART.PL= || INDF.PL=
|-
| colspan="5" | '''definite'''
|-
|  ||  || ''long'' || ''short''
|-
|ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= || the:M.SG= || DEF.ART:M.SG= || DEF:M.SG=
|-
| ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= || the:F.SG= || DEF.ART:F.SG= || DEF:F.SG=
|-
| ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= || the:PL= || DEF.ART:PL= || DEF:PL=
|-
|}
==== Demonstrative Articles ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
|  ||  || ''long'' || ''short''
|-
| ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= || this:M.SG= || DEM.ART:M.SG= || DEM:M.SG=
|-
| ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= || this:F.SG= || DEM.ART:F.SG= || DEM:F.SG=
|-
| ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= || these:PL= || DEM.ART:PL= || DEM.PL=
|-
|}
==== Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns) ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
| ⲡⲁ= || my:M= || POSS:M.SG:1SG=
|-
| ⲡⲉⲕ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.M=
|-
| ⲡⲟⲩ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2SG.F=
|-
| ⲡⲉϥ= || his:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.M=
|-
| ⲡⲉⲥ= || her:M= || POSS:M.SG:3SG.F=
|-
| ⲡⲉⲛ= || our:M= || POSS:M.SG:1PL=
|-
| ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= || your:M= || POSS:M.SG:2PL=
|-
| ⲡⲉⲩ= || their:M= || POSS:M.SG:3PL=
|-
| colspan="5" |
|-
| ⲧⲁ= || my:F= || POSS:F.SG:1SG=
|-
| ⲧⲉⲕ= || your.F= || POSS:F.SG:2SG.M=
|-
| colspan="5" | ...
|-
| ⲛⲁ= || my:PL= || POSS:PL:1SG=
|-
| colspan="5" | ...
|-
|}
=== Nouns ===
==== Bare nouns ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Trad. !! colspan="1" {{CellHighlight1}} | Advanced !! colspan="2" {{CellHighlight2}} | Expert
|-
| ⲙⲁ || place.M.SG / place.M.PL || place(M.SG) / place(M.PL)
|-
|ⲉⲃⲟⲧ || month.M.SG || month(M)[SG]
|-
| ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ || month:M.PL || month(M)\PL
|-
| ⲡⲉ || sky.F || sky(F)[SG]
|-
| ⲡⲏⲩⲉ || sky:F.PL || sky(F)\PL
|-
| ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ || woman.F.SG || woman(F)[SG]
|-
| ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ || woman.F.PL || woman.F.PL
|-
| colspan="5" | '''nouns without grammatical gender''' (genderless nouns, Layton 2011:  ...)
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 06:08, 7 October 2015

### Under construction ###

What follows is a list of Sahidic Coptic grammatical forms and recommendations for their glossing.

Please contribute to the list or to the discussion of the glossing of specific forms.

Grammatical forms[edit | edit source]

Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns[edit | edit source]

Suffix pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. Advanced
-ⲓ, -ⲧ, -∅ -1SG
-ⲕ, -ⲅ -2SG.M
-∅, -ⲉ -2SG.F
-3SG.M
-ⲥ -3SG.F
-ⲛ -1PL
-ⲧⲛ; =ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ -2PL; =2PL
-ⲟⲩ, -ⲩ -3PL
Personal second pronouns (Layton 2011, § 390e)[edit | edit source]
Trad. Advanced
-ⲧ -1SG
-ⲕ, -ⲥⲕ, -ⲧⲕ -2SG.M
not attested(?) -2SG.F
-ϥ, -ⲥϥ -3SG.M
-ⲥ -3SG.F
-ⲥⲛ -1PL
-ⲧⲏⲩⲧⲛ -2PL
-ⲥⲉ, -ⲥⲟⲩ -3PL
Independent personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. Advanced
unbound form (free use, cf. Layton 2011: § 71)
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ 1SG
ⲛⲧⲟⲕ 2SG.M
ⲛⲧⲟ 2SG.F
ⲛⲧⲟϥ 3SG.M
ⲛⲧⲟⲥ 3SG.F
ⲁⲛⲟⲛ 1PL
ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ 2PL
ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ 3PL
bound form (clitic, in Nominal Sentences; cf. Layton 2011: § 79)
ⲁⲛⲅ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲕ= 1SG.M
ⲛⲧⲕ=, ⲛⲧⲟⲕ= 2SG.M
ⲛⲧⲉ=, ⲛⲧⲟ= 2SG.F
ⲁⲛ=, ⲁⲛⲟⲛ= 1PL
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ=, ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ= 2PL
Prefixed personal pronouns[edit | edit source]
Trad. Advanced
in Durative Sentences (= bipartite pattern; Layton 2011: § 78)
ϯ- 1SG-
ⲕ-, ⲅ- 2SG.M-
ⲧⲉ-, ⲧⲣ- 2SG.F-
ϥ- 3SG.M-
ⲥ- 3SG.F-
ⲧⲛ- 1PL-
ⲧⲉⲧⲛ- 2PL-
ⲥⲉ- 3PL-
in Non-durative Sentences (used with conjugation bases = tripartite pattern)
ⲓ-, ⲓ̈-, ⲁ-, 1SG-
ⲕ-, ⲉⲕ- 2SG.M-
ⲣ-, ⲣⲉ-, ⲉ-, ∅- (and similar) 2SG.F-
ϥ-, ⲉϥ- 3SG.M-
ⲥ-, ⲉⲥ- 3SG.F-
ⲛ-, ⲉⲛ- 1PL-
ⲧⲛ-, ⲧⲉⲧⲛ-, ⲉⲧⲛ- 2PL-
ⲟⲩ-, ⲩ- 3PL-

Demonstrative pronouns[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
Proximal
ⲡⲁⲓ̈, ⲡⲁⲉⲓ this:M DEM.PROX:M.SG
ⲧⲁⲓ̈, ⲧⲁⲉⲓ this:F DEM.PROX:F.SG
ⲛⲁⲓ̈, ⲛⲁⲉⲓ these DEM.PROX:PL
Distal
ⲡⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ that:M DEM.DIST:M.SG
ⲧⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ that:F DEM.DIST:F.SG
ⲛⲉⲧⲙⲙⲁⲩ those DEM.DIST:PL
Distal ('Affective')
ⲡⲏ that:M DEM.DIST:M.SG
ⲧⲏ that:F DEM.DIST:F.SG
ⲛⲏ those DEM.DIST:PL

Possessive pronouns (Possessed pronouns)[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
with following Noun phrase
ⲡⲁ= the_one:M_of= POSS:M.SG=
ⲧⲁ= the_one:F_of= POSS:F.SG=
ⲛⲁ= the_one:PL_of= POSS:PL=
with following Suffix pronoun
ⲡⲱ mine:M, yours:M, ... POSS:M.SG
ⲧⲱ mine:F, yours:F, ... POSS:F.SG
ⲛⲟⲩ mine:PL, yours:PL, ... POSS:PL

Determiners[edit | edit source]

Articles[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
indefinite
long short
ⲟⲩ= a= INDF.ART.SG= INDF.SG=
ϩⲉⲛ= INDF.ART.PL= INDF.PL=
definite
long short
ⲡ=, ⲡⲉ= the:M.SG= DEF.ART:M.SG= DEF:M.SG=
ⲧ=, ⲧⲉ= the:F.SG= DEF.ART:F.SG= DEF:F.SG=
ⲛ=, ⲛⲉ= the:PL= DEF.ART:PL= DEF:PL=

Demonstrative Articles[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
long short
ⲡⲉⲓ̈=, ⲡⲉⲉⲓ= this:M.SG= DEM.ART:M.SG= DEM:M.SG=
ⲧⲉⲓ̈=, ⲧⲉⲉⲓ= this:F.SG= DEM.ART:F.SG= DEM:F.SG=
ⲛⲉⲓ̈=, ⲛⲉⲉⲓ= these:PL= DEM.ART:PL= DEM.PL=

Possessive Determiners (Possessive Pronouns)[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
ⲡⲁ= my:M= POSS:M.SG:1SG=
ⲡⲉⲕ= your:M= POSS:M.SG:2SG.M=
ⲡⲟⲩ= your:M= POSS:M.SG:2SG.F=
ⲡⲉϥ= his:M= POSS:M.SG:3SG.M=
ⲡⲉⲥ= her:M= POSS:M.SG:3SG.F=
ⲡⲉⲛ= our:M= POSS:M.SG:1PL=
ⲡⲉⲧⲛ= your:M= POSS:M.SG:2PL=
ⲡⲉⲩ= their:M= POSS:M.SG:3PL=
ⲧⲁ= my:F= POSS:F.SG:1SG=
ⲧⲉⲕ= your.F= POSS:F.SG:2SG.M=
...
ⲛⲁ= my:PL= POSS:PL:1SG=
...

Nouns[edit | edit source]

Bare nouns[edit | edit source]

Trad. Advanced Expert
ⲙⲁ place.M.SG / place.M.PL place(M.SG) / place(M.PL)
ⲉⲃⲟⲧ month.M.SG month(M)[SG]
ⲉⲃⲁⲧⲉ month:M.PL month(M)\PL
ⲡⲉ sky.F sky(F)[SG]
ⲡⲏⲩⲉ sky:F.PL sky(F)\PL
ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ woman.F.SG woman(F)[SG]
ϩⲓⲟⲙⲉ woman.F.PL woman.F.PL
nouns without grammatical gender (genderless nouns, Layton 2011: ...)